[0:00] the gasoline engine is one of the
[0:02] greatest inventions in human history
[0:04] that still propels us today but do you
[0:08] ever wonder how it actually works behind
[0:10] the scenes well in today's video we just
[0:13] happen to stumble across this engine
[0:16] which we will use to show you not only
[0:18] how the operating theory is but how
[0:21] things actually work behind the scenes
[0:24] right after this
[0:35] so before we dig into this engine and
[0:38] find the how things work behind the
[0:40] scenes let's talk about the very basics
[0:42] of engine operation this is a fourstroke
[0:45] gasoline engine every gasoline engine
[0:47] needs four things to run you need
[0:49] gasoline for the combustion you need air
[0:53] or more importantly oxygen in the air
[0:55] which is going to help that combustion
[0:57] and then you need com something to
[0:58] compress them and of course you need to
[1:01] ignite that mixture using the spark plug
[1:04] so they would combust and create that
[1:06] power that propels this engine forward
[1:09] so here is how things will will work in
[1:13] theory get this is a four stroke engine
[1:16] that means it has four strokes and those
[1:18] Strokes are
[1:19] intake
[1:21] compression power and exhaust and the
[1:24] way this works is intake is when the
[1:27] mixture of fuel and air goes into the
[1:30] engine and then the compression stroke
[1:34] is when this mixture is going to get
[1:36] compressed here we have the three things
[1:38] that happen when you compress this
[1:40] mixture of gasoline and and air or
[1:43] specifically oxygen you're going to
[1:45] create that combustion which is going to
[1:47] create like kind of an gas that's going
[1:51] to come out from that combustion that's
[1:52] going to push and create that power
[1:55] stroke and that's what's actually going
[1:57] to start ranting this engine and then
[1:59] all the combustion gases that are just
[2:01] sitting there they exhaust in the four
[2:04] stroke and then we repeat now this is
[2:08] for one cylinder this particular engine
[2:11] is a four cylinder engine so this cycle
[2:14] is going to happen for for each
[2:17] individual cylinder and that's how you
[2:20] get that Continuous Flow so this is what
[2:24] it's called the firing order cylinder
[2:27] one's going to fire then four then two
[2:29] then three and then we repeat it's just
[2:31] going to keep going that way you don't
[2:33] have one cylinder firing and then we
[2:35] lose we kind of lose our momentum then
[2:37] the second one then the third one the
[2:38] fourth one no they're designed to
[2:41] continuously run so you always have a
[2:44] consistent power band that sounds all
[2:47] great but how does this actually happen
[2:50] behind the scenes is we're going to dig
[2:51] into this motor and find out exactly how
[2:54] that
[2:58] works so before we dig into how it works
[3:01] let's label the components understand
[3:04] what are we looking at here cuz this is
[3:06] not one piece this is multiple pieces
[3:08] and some folks will say there's
[3:09] thousands of parts to an engine not
[3:11] thousands but there's a lot of parts
[3:14] let's talk through
[3:15] them this is the top of the engine this
[3:18] is the front of the engine and that is
[3:20] the back this part right here is called
[3:23] the valve cover this is just a cover
[3:25] that keeps the oil inside it's all it
[3:27] does it has the oil fil C app has a few
[3:30] other component that's all it does it
[3:32] just covers things at the top then you
[3:35] have the cylinder head this is one of
[3:38] the most critical most delicate parts of
[3:40] an engine this is what allows the
[3:42] mixture to go in and go out the exhaust
[3:46] we're going to dig into it and we're
[3:48] going to take it apart and you'll see
[3:49] every little part of
[3:51] it this part is a cylinder block this is
[3:56] where your compressor is this is where
[3:58] the Pistons live
[4:00] and this is what actually compresses
[4:02] that mixture and then the mixture pushes
[4:06] it down for the power stroke and then it
[4:08] comes up again to push the exhaust and
[4:11] then as it goes down it pulls the
[4:13] mixture in this is not making sense
[4:15] right now but when we take it apart
[4:17] you'll see it how it how it does that
[4:19] and it will all make sense but let's
[4:20] just cover the part so you know what how
[4:22] they look like this part of the bottom
[4:25] is called a stiffening case it's
[4:28] literally just an extend tension off the
[4:30] engine just to have that area where the
[4:33] oil sits and this very bottom piece is
[4:35] the oil pan and this is what contains
[4:37] the oil of the engine now let's start
[4:40] peeling the layers and we'll see how
[4:43] this
[4:47] works let's start peeling our first
[4:50] layer this is the valve train this is a
[4:53] very simple Engine things get a lot more
[4:55] complicated from here but we're going to
[4:57] we chose this engine for a purpose this
[4:59] is a dual overhead cam these are the cam
[5:05] shafts and they are sitting on top of
[5:08] the cylinder head that's the
[5:10] identification of that style there is
[5:13] multiple designations there's single
[5:15] overhead there is not overhead there's a
[5:19] lot of different configurations but this
[5:21] particular one which is the most common
[5:22] one in modern cars dual overhead cam so
[5:27] what is a cam shaft all this does is it
[5:32] synchronizes The Strokes of the engine
[5:35] when are we going to allow that mix of
[5:38] air and and gasoline into the engine and
[5:41] when are we going to allow that exhaust
[5:43] to come out so I'm going to turn it turn
[5:47] this engine as if it was running and I
[5:49] want you to watch what things are doing
[5:52] here
[6:02] do you notice this particular
[6:05] Peak this is called a cam lobe and it is
[6:10] kind of in a in a droplet shape and the
[6:13] reason for that is every time this high
[6:16] like pointy part goes down it opens
[6:19] something called a valve every time a
[6:21] round part goes over it it is closed now
[6:24] these valves are what going to open to
[6:27] let either let the gas mixture and air
[6:30] mixture in or it's going to on the other
[6:33] side is going to let the combustion
[6:36] gases go out in the exhaust and when
[6:39] they are both closed we are in the
[6:41] compression stroke cuz you have already
[6:44] the mixture inside this the combustion
[6:46] chamber which we're going to look at in
[6:48] a little bit and you are com compressing
[6:51] it so if you have one of the valves open
[6:53] it's just going to come out nothing will
[6:55] happen so you have three stages of this
[6:59] they're either open on one side closed
[7:01] on the other open on one side closed on
[7:03] the other or they're both closed now
[7:06] there are cases we're not going to get
[7:07] too complicated into there are cases
[7:09] where this is delayed and that's delayed
[7:11] we're not going to get into that we're
[7:12] going to keep things simple because
[7:14] they're actually a lot more complicated
[7:16] so here's what's going on in this entire
[7:19] picture each cylinder in this particular
[7:22] engine it's 16 valve engine four
[7:25] cylinder you have four valves per
[7:28] cylinder in this this is the separation
[7:30] of the
[7:31] cylinder do you see how you have two
[7:34] lobes here and two lobes here this is
[7:36] the intake side and this is the exhaust
[7:38] side the cam shaft will always
[7:41] spin half the speed of the
[7:44] crankshaft so if you're driving your
[7:47] beautiful car at 1500
[7:49] RPM this is spinning at
[7:52] 750 RPM this is how this works the
[7:56] camshaft will always spin slower and
[7:58] what this does
[8:00] the way the Globes are orientated is
[8:02] according to the firing order well we
[8:05] did the four strokes here but at the
[8:07] same time the four strokes are happen
[8:08] somewhere else and somewhere else and
[8:10] somewhere else they're in different
[8:11] phases of each other but we're going to
[8:14] actually focus on one cylinder only
[8:17] right now both both of them are closed
[8:22] and this is the beginning of the cycle
[8:24] watch the cycle on the intake side first
[8:27] this is the intake going to turn the
[8:35] engine do you see how the intake is
[8:39] opening the pointy part of the lobe is
[8:43] down now that now we are taking in the
[8:47] intake
[8:48] mixture we're going to
[8:51] continue this part is actually the
[8:54] compression do you see how they're both
[8:56] closed pointy part here pointy part here
[8:58] the compression is happening and then
[9:02] watch what's going to happen here we're
[9:04] going to open the exhaust
[9:07] valves now we're letting that gas out
[9:10] and then as we let it out we're getting
[9:13] ready to start the cycle all over again
[9:16] do you see how that works but how is it
[9:19] actually doing that see this part right
[9:21] here this is called a timing chain you
[9:23] have two Styles and engines you have
[9:25] either a timing chain a metal chain that
[9:28] synchronizes everything thing so all
[9:30] these four cylinders would do what
[9:32] they're supposed to do at the correct
[9:34] time or you have a timing belt this
[9:36] particular engine is a chain we're not
[9:38] going to get too much into that part of
[9:40] the design but let's see how does this
[9:45] actually happen what is this pointy part
[9:49] this pointy part what is it actually
[9:51] pushing against and how is that
[9:53] mechanism working and in order to do
[9:55] that we're going to remove all the chain
[9:58] we're going to remove the cam shaft
[10:00] we're going to look at the cam shaft
[10:02] outside and then we're going to remove
[10:03] the cylinder head which contains the
[10:05] valves that do this and see how that
[10:08] works up close and personal so let's
[10:10] take a look at the cam shafts up
[10:13] close you see those slopes that's how
[10:16] these look
[10:18] like you see how they're not in the same
[10:21] orientation because
[10:24] each one corresponds to a certain phase
[10:27] in that four stroke for that that
[10:29] particular cylinder so they will not be
[10:31] the same and they are engineered that
[10:33] way to
[10:34] work in that order now let's take these
[10:37] out look at the area where they sit so
[10:42] this cam shaft is just a piece of metal
[10:45] that is spinning I mean if you're
[10:46] driving your car at the highway 3,000
[10:48] RPM this is spinning at, 1500
[10:52] revolutions per minute that's a lot and
[10:56] how do you not have this metal piece and
[10:59] this metal piece get destroyed here's
[11:02] how that
[11:03] works this is called a
[11:07] journal this part has a hole in it see
[11:10] that little innocent looking hole that's
[11:13] actually an oil hole so what's going to
[11:14] happen is oil will come out to this tiny
[11:17] little hole put a film of oil on top of
[11:20] this which then is going to end up here
[11:26] and on this little cam cabinet that sits
[11:31] here that film of oil here will actually
[11:35] prevent wear
[11:37] between these two metals cuz they will
[11:40] actually not be touching each other they
[11:43] will be riding on a thin film of oil
[11:45] here that keeps this lubricated cools it
[11:48] down and and not allow this metal to
[11:51] metal
[11:52] contact that is pretty cool how that
[11:55] works now we talked
[11:57] about the cam Lo pushing down but what
[12:01] is it pushing down on let's just take
[12:03] this cam out of the way let's take a
[12:06] look what is it pushing on cuz this just
[12:09] looks like a flat
[12:12] surface but see the thing with gasoline
[12:14] enges is they warm up and they cool down
[12:18] and what happens to metal when you warm
[12:19] it up it expands you cool it down it
[12:22] contracts so if we just put this
[12:27] cam here here what's going to happen
[12:31] when this metal surface heats up expands
[12:35] this metal surface heats up and expands
[12:38] and they're just going to be fighting
[12:39] each other or when this metal surface
[12:42] cools down significantly and this metal
[12:44] surface cools down significantly and
[12:47] they shrink well there's going to be a
[12:48] giant Gap so how is that going to work
[12:51] that is called valve
[12:54] clearance it is something
[12:57] precalculated by the Engineers that
[12:59] designed it where we want this valve
[13:02] cleaners not to be too tight where this
[13:04] valve will potentially be pushed down
[13:06] all the time and open and we can't have
[13:09] our power stroke anymore where both of
[13:11] them are
[13:12] closed neither is going to be super
[13:14] loose where we're not going to be able
[13:17] to open our valve all the way and allow
[13:19] that mix that beautiful gasoline and air
[13:22] mixture to go in or the exhaust to go
[13:24] out so they set it as specific clearance
[13:29] that allows for both cases to
[13:31] work this is called a manual valve
[13:35] clearance engine and this particular
[13:37] engine is that more modern engines and
[13:40] more sophisticated engines will have
[13:44] automatically
[13:45] adjusting valve clearance what they'll
[13:48] do there is they'll have a little
[13:49] plunger that is oil pressured when the
[13:52] Gap gets
[13:55] smaller it'll e ease up to allow for
[13:59] that expansion when the Gap gets big cuz
[14:01] the engine is cold it's going to pump up
[14:04] and take that gap between the cam low
[14:08] and the valve but this is actually not
[14:11] the
[14:12] valve and this is a little bit of an
[14:14] older design on this particular engine
[14:17] this is called a bucket and the way you
[14:21] adjust valve clearance on this
[14:23] particular engine you see the inside of
[14:25] this
[14:27] bucket this is actually numbered bucket
[14:30] so the distance between this inside and
[14:32] the outside can be changed by the number
[14:36] that is stamped on this bucket which is
[14:38] just the distance you can see that
[14:39] number I don't know if it's clear inside
[14:42] there's a number corresponds to a
[14:43] certain thickness of this but this is
[14:46] the actual valve that this is pressing
[14:51] which in turn the cam shaft lobe is
[14:55] pushing on to open and close the valves
[14:58] that that is the most basic operation
[15:01] but wait a second what is this little
[15:03] fancy looking thing here let us take the
[15:05] cylinder head out of this engine take a
[15:08] valve out and let's just take a look at
[15:10] it and see how that looks like now here
[15:11] are the valves we were just looking
[15:14] at these actually look like this
[15:20] inside this is a spring so remember when
[15:24] we were looking at the cams they push on
[15:26] this well what's going to return it to
[15:28] close it this this is called the valve
[15:30] spring it's just a spring that has a
[15:34] specific tension depends on the engine
[15:36] so it would return the valve to the
[15:38] closed part and speaking of the valve
[15:41] this is a valve it's fully
[15:45] assembled and here's what holds this
[15:47] valve in
[15:48] place if you look at the tip here
[15:51] there's this retainer and then inside
[15:54] this retainer there's actually two
[15:57] little locks I'm get them out these tiny
[16:01] little locks which are called Keepers
[16:04] what these locks do if you look at the
[16:06] tip of the valve you have this little
[16:08] Groove these also have a tiny little
[16:11] Groove that will go right
[16:14] there and get locked in that Groove
[16:17] where it's not going anywhere and then
[16:18] this retainer will come up and lock it
[16:21] in place and that's what you're looking
[16:22] at here these are all locked in place
[16:25] here is how that spring looks like
[16:29] and here's how the valve looks like now
[16:32] here's the interesting thing about these
[16:34] valves this is the called the
[16:38] stem this is the valve face this is
[16:42] actually facing the combustion chamber
[16:44] which we going to look at here the top
[16:47] combustion
[16:49] chamber in this
[16:51] area you have oil in the combustion
[16:54] chamber we do not have
[16:56] oil so in order to keep that oil away
[17:00] from going into the combustion chamber
[17:03] through this around this stem there's
[17:05] actually a seal that sits behind each
[17:08] one of these valves and we'll show you a
[17:11] little clip of that seal how it looks
[17:13] like sitting down and then outside these
[17:16] seals are called valve stem seal it's
[17:20] the seal that seals the stem of the
[17:23] valve to not allow oil to go into the
[17:26] combustion chamber on top of the valve
[17:28] valve now let's talk about valves intake
[17:32] and exhaust valves are not the same
[17:34] usually the intake is larger if you have
[17:36] a car and in case you hear this that is
[17:39] direct injected only and you have carbon
[17:43] buildup on the valves they're actually
[17:46] going to build up carbon here not here
[17:50] that's a common misconception about cars
[17:52] folks all engines will build up carbon
[17:55] here including this one that's just
[17:57] normal now not excessive amounts but you
[18:00] this does have residue on it you cannot
[18:04] clean this with a little can of magic
[18:07] stuff that you put in the tank or the
[18:09] shop chart you cannot clean this this is
[18:11] normal the minute you run the engine
[18:12] there will be some carbon that is
[18:15] normal but when carbon builds up
[18:18] here you're going to start obstructing
[18:20] thing eventually this valve will stick
[18:22] and won't be able to be closed by the
[18:25] spring and we have issues or it'll be
[18:27] completely plugged where you cannot no
[18:30] longer allow that mixture to go through
[18:32] I just thought I say this now some
[18:36] carbon buildup here is normal excessive
[18:38] carbon buildup here we have
[18:41] problems why is this valve clean and why
[18:45] do direct injection engines build up
[18:47] carbon here see the way the port
[18:50] injection work it actually sprays
[18:53] gasoline in an area of the runner
[18:56] leading up to this valve so G gasoline
[18:59] and air will come together touch this
[19:02] valve go around it into the combustion
[19:05] chamber while direct injected engines
[19:08] they will only have air passing through
[19:11] here and then gasoline being sprayed
[19:14] directly inside not before this guy so
[19:18] what ends up happening over time there's
[19:20] something called blowby that will build
[19:21] up that carbon here because there's no
[19:23] gasoline passing through here and
[19:25] washing it off that's why direct
[19:27] injection injected engines built carbon
[19:30] welcome to the top combustion
[19:33] chamber this is the other side of the
[19:35] cylinder head these are the valves that
[19:37] we were looking at that were basically
[19:44] this this
[19:47] sits right in
[19:50] here this is when it's open and this is
[19:52] when it's closed so every time this
[19:54] comes up it allows either if it's this
[19:59] side which is the intake side it'll
[20:00] allow that gasoline and air mix to come
[20:02] in if it is the exhaust side open it'll
[20:05] allow things out and the what is
[20:08] dictating what's coming in and out is a
[20:10] part where we'll talk about in a little
[20:12] bit I just want you to see this part now
[20:15] one thing we will say right now this
[20:19] just looks like to the average person
[20:21] who is not into cars not into this stuff
[20:24] this just looks like an oily mess just
[20:27] random parts dirty oily greasy
[20:32] gmy this is the most
[20:36] delicate most highly precisely
[20:39] engineered part of the entire engine
[20:42] everything else is uh nuts and bolts
[20:45] this is where the magic is cuz do you
[20:48] see this
[20:51] valve this valve actually has a surface
[20:55] where it seals on because this needs to
[20:57] seal
[20:59] and the part right here is called a
[21:00] valve
[21:02] seat this is a very precisely machined
[21:07] part so is this
[21:09] one so when these two sit together like
[21:14] so they're actually sealing the
[21:16] combustion chamber so this is not an
[21:18] oily mess and the other thing is this
[21:22] surface
[21:25] itself is a very precisely machined part
[21:29] because wait a second we have this part
[21:31] we have another part and the combustion
[21:33] is happening here in this area for each
[21:37] cylinder well how are we going to seal
[21:40] this compression from going
[21:43] outside this is where your head gasket
[21:46] is you'll hear blown head gasket leaking
[21:50] head gasket this car has a bad head
[21:52] gasket most people talk about this they
[21:54] don't even comprehend what the head
[21:56] gasket does as the name
[21:59] says the head gasket is just a
[22:03] gasket
[22:05] sits right
[22:08] here and it seals between the cylinder
[22:11] head and the cylinder block we're going
[22:12] to talk about the cylinder Block in a
[22:13] little bit but here's what usually
[22:16] happens you overheat this engine for
[22:18] example that's the most classic case
[22:21] what's going to happen is this is a
[22:24] precisely machined
[22:26] surface this will heat
[22:29] significantly and if you notice these
[22:33] openings these are actually cooling
[22:35] jackets they cool this area so coolant
[22:38] will go out of
[22:40] here into this area and then into the
[22:44] block and that's how coolant is going
[22:47] back and forth well when you superheat
[22:49] this aluminum tends to warp when you
[22:52] heat it meaning it's no longer flat so
[22:56] this will open and then you will have
[22:59] multiple of things will happen either
[23:02] you will mix oil because there are oil
[23:05] passages here as well some of these
[23:06] passages are oil passages you will mix
[23:09] oil with coolant that's the most common
[23:12] thing that people will think it happen
[23:14] but it's not always the case CU if you
[23:16] actually break the area between two
[23:20] cylinders you will have all kinds of
[23:22] issue cuz you will bleed combustion from
[23:25] this one into this one and this one is
[23:27] not ready and it'll just become a mess
[23:30] and the last thing that is
[23:32] common this gasket corrodes and starts
[23:36] leaking outside either oil or coolant or
[23:39] both these are some of the things
[23:43] with cylinder heads problems for modern
[23:47] engines now if this is Warped you must
[23:50] machine it or replace the cylinder head
[23:52] if it's not if you're not able to
[23:54] machine it due to
[23:56] tolerances this needs to be a perfectly
[23:59] flat surface and we're not talking oh I
[24:02] passed my hand over it this is like
[24:04] Machining style perfectly
[24:07] flat having said that I'm going to put
[24:11] one cam I'm going to turn it it's going
[24:13] to be a little difficult so you can see
[24:15] how these valve actually work when the
[24:17] engine is running let's SW these valves
[24:21] not open and close dance because this is
[24:23] beautiful look at this
[24:32] isn't that something beautiful so this
[24:35] is actually cylinder number 1 2 3 4 I'm
[24:38] going to go through an entire cycle
[24:40] until we open four again see if you can
[24:43] pick up the firing order from
[24:53] this pretty cool right how these valves
[24:56] open you notice they're both opening
[24:58] together so if you do the math here real
[25:00] quick these are 16 valves this is a 16
[25:03] valve engine two valves for the exhaust
[25:06] two valves for the intake so four valves
[25:09] per cylinder and this opening right here
[25:12] is actually where your spark plug is
[25:14] that's what ignites the mixture so we
[25:17] can create that beautiful combustion if
[25:19] you had a direct injected engine you
[25:22] will have a second hole just like this
[25:24] one where the direct injector is
[25:27] somewhere either here or
[25:29] or sometimes it'll be right here and the
[25:32] and the spark plug will be in a
[25:33] different position but somewhere inside
[25:35] this cavity right here now having met
[25:38] the upper combustion chamber let's go
[25:42] see the real magic of gasoline engines
[25:45] which is the other part of the
[25:46] combustion chamber cylinder
[25:54] block welcome to the combustion chamber
[25:57] which is actually actually this one it's
[26:00] actually not the entire depth of this I
[26:03] hope you can see this very clearly it is
[26:06] just this
[26:08] area and the top of the cylinder head
[26:12] I'll remind you what that looks like let
[26:13] me spin this and watch how this
[26:26] works this is the Piston there's four
[26:30] sters 1 2 3
[26:34] 4 here is what's going on here and the
[26:38] best way I will be able to describe it
[26:41] this is the compressor part of the
[26:44] engine when this piston watch these two
[26:48] when they go
[26:49] up they are
[26:51] compressing when they go
[26:54] down they are
[26:56] pulling so here's how this is going to
[26:59] work for our four strokes let's start
[27:02] with the first stroke which is the
[27:04] intake we want to naturally pull that
[27:08] mixture of air and gasoline into the
[27:12] combustion chamber we're going to have
[27:14] this piston go down so what it's doing
[27:18] is creating a suction it's going to
[27:21] pull the mixture
[27:24] inside this
[27:27] area then then we're going to want to
[27:30] compress that mixture and ignite it with
[27:33] the spark plug so what it's going to do
[27:37] is it's going to come up and start
[27:40] compressing as it reach its peak at a
[27:44] specific position the spark plug will
[27:47] will ignite this mixture so the mixture
[27:50] will burn as it's burning it's going to
[27:54] create like a a gas and it's going to
[27:57] push
[27:58] this piston down and then because we
[28:01] have four cylinders let's talk about it
[28:04] this
[28:06] way this this piston has
[28:11] ignition we have combustion it's going
[28:13] to push this piston
[28:16] down then this one has ignition it's
[28:19] going to push it
[28:20] down then this one has ignition it's
[28:23] going to push it down then this one has
[28:26] ignition it's going to push it down and
[28:28] then this one is going to have ignition
[28:30] again it's going to push it down and
[28:31] that's how your engine will just keep
[28:33] turning and turning and turning and
[28:34] turning non-stop now this is the
[28:38] beautiful part of
[28:41] this this
[28:43] piston is in the intake stroke it's
[28:46] about to start pulling the components in
[28:50] this one just had combustion so it's
[28:53] going to get pushed
[28:55] down now these two Pistons one of them
[28:59] is in its ignition cycle one of them is
[29:02] about to start the intake and that's how
[29:05] these this firing order works it is
[29:09] beautiful how this works you see how
[29:12] this this is when you spin your engine
[29:14] at 3,000 RPM or you are 18 years old you
[29:18] just got your you are an adult and you
[29:21] are racing your car down the street
[29:23] which you shouldn't do that on public
[29:25] streets and you're revving this engine
[29:26] at 6,000 RPM all the
[29:29] time every minute which is 60
[29:34] seconds this crankshaft will do a full
[29:38] rotation which the full rotation is this
[29:41] piston going up and going down back to
[29:44] the same position
[29:47] 6,000 times every 60
[29:50] seconds this looks like how do engines
[29:54] last this is the moment where we say
[29:57] thank you engineer Engineers were
[29:58] figuring this
[30:00] out look mechanics and Engineers usually
[30:02] don't get along but we have to be
[30:03] truthful they know what they're doing
[30:06] this is how these engines are designed
[30:08] to run and run and
[30:10] run here is the important things this
[30:14] which we're going to take it out in a
[30:15] little bit and you'll see it up close
[30:17] and
[30:18] personal is sealed there is three rings
[30:23] or piston
[30:25] rings that are sealing this
[30:28] chamber and for you to get a better
[30:31] understanding of really what's going on
[30:33] like how does this effect work let me do
[30:36] a small demonstration we are looking at
[30:38] two cylinders I hope you can see the
[30:40] outline of them we got them covered up
[30:43] with tape just so we you can see how
[30:45] they do this so you can picture
[30:48] it every time the Piston goes up it's
[30:51] going to create compression every time
[30:53] it goes down it's going to create
[30:54] suction so watch as I turn the engine
[30:57] what the tape is going to
[30:58] do see how this one came up this was
[31:01] compression now it's coming
[31:03] down this one is coming down now it's
[31:07] coming
[31:10] up funny sounds it makes this is
[31:14] actually the compression watch this one
[31:17] when I push it very
[31:21] hard that is the compression and this is
[31:23] the suction
[31:26] effect actually it becomes comes really
[31:28] difficult to turn this engine because of
[31:30] the
[31:33] obstruction eventually actually blew the
[31:36] BW the tape That's How Strong this
[31:38] compression is folks it needs to be
[31:40] extremely strong to do this now that we
[31:43] picture how this works let's talk about
[31:45] a few nuts and bolts things
[31:47] here this
[31:50] round is the cylinder itself so the head
[31:56] gasket sits here this is also a very
[32:00] precisely machined surface so it would
[32:02] seal on the gasket now in here there's
[32:06] actually a liner cuz this is an aluminum
[32:09] block if you create that combustion on
[32:11] an aluminum block you will
[32:14] immediately fire a hole through it and
[32:17] it'll wear down with the with the piston
[32:19] rings going up and down up down on it so
[32:22] this is actually a steel liner now this
[32:26] particular engine is out of a Toyota
[32:28] some engines this liner can be pulled
[32:30] out and replaced this one cannot because
[32:33] the way they cast this this aluminum
[32:36] they put the
[32:37] four steel liners and they cast the
[32:40] thing around it and they are
[32:41] mechanically bonded together so they
[32:44] wouldn't come out so you cannot really
[32:45] replace these but the wall of the
[32:48] cylinder has a
[32:51] specific Machining to it that is called
[32:54] a cross hatch pattern and keep that in
[32:57] mind cuz we're going to talk about this
[32:59] once we talk about the piston rings this
[33:01] area this cavity right here this is
[33:04] where coolant is to cool these down CU
[33:06] remember combustion creates a lot of
[33:08] heat so you have coolant all the time
[33:10] here cooling it and then you also have
[33:12] oil passages around it because in
[33:15] gasoline enges coolant cools oil cools
[33:19] as well most people forget that part
[33:22] haven't looked at all this and this
[33:23] beautiful thing turning
[33:28] how do this entire thing work and why do
[33:30] these come up and these come up together
[33:33] how does this work let us flip this
[33:35] block and look how this this entire
[33:38] thing works and then we will take one of
[33:40] these pistons and tear it completely
[33:42] apart so you can see exactly how this
[33:45] creates this this compression or
[33:47] pressure and the suction and how does
[33:49] this exactly work welcome to the back of
[33:52] the cylinder block this is where the
[33:54] magic happens let me spin it so you can
[33:56] actually see how this
[34:01] goes so what we were looking at from the
[34:04] from the other side you see that piston
[34:07] right there see how it's going to come
[34:09] down and go
[34:11] up this part right
[34:15] here this is called the crank shaft this
[34:19] is actually what outputs the output of
[34:23] the engine not the camshafts cuz
[34:25] connected on the other side is the the
[34:29] whether it's manual transmission
[34:30] automatic transmission plane propeller
[34:33] you name it it's connected on this side
[34:36] this side is where your serpentine belt
[34:40] or drive belt will be this is a harmonic
[34:42] balance this is where the other side of
[34:45] it is but this is what actually drives
[34:46] your car this way it's the crankshaft
[34:49] that drives the car cuz every time
[34:52] remember that power stroke we talked
[34:54] about where the Piston gets pushed up
[34:56] it's going to push on this and turn it
[34:59] and that's what's going to create that
[35:00] output that's where the power of the
[35:02] engine is transmitted out now you look
[35:05] at this this just looks like a random
[35:08] piece of metal looks like a museum piece
[35:12] but let's take a look at at the finer
[35:17] details of
[35:19] this this is a crank shaft and it's
[35:23] connected then it goes here then it
[35:25] comes back then it goes here comes back
[35:28] and comes back
[35:30] here but
[35:32] this is actually a separate
[35:35] part and these are called the main caps
[35:40] this is what bolts the crank to the
[35:43] block and
[35:45] these are called Rod caps this is what
[35:48] actually bolts the Piston to the crank
[35:52] not directly we're going to take one
[35:54] apart and talk about it let me remove
[35:56] one of these and we'll kind of examine
[35:58] it and then we'll continue from there
[36:01] this is actually how this piston looks
[36:04] like this is called a connecting rod
[36:08] this connects the Piston to the
[36:11] crankshaft via this round opening which
[36:15] goes on this this is called a crankshaft
[36:20] Journal this is where this would ride on
[36:23] kind of looks like this when it's
[36:26] connected so do you notice that this one
[36:28] has also a hole remember when we talked
[36:30] about the cam this is the oil feed hole
[36:34] and if we look at this we take this half
[36:47] out it has actual rod
[36:52] bearings these are little bearings and
[36:55] you notice they also have that hole so
[36:58] here's what's going to happen here if we
[37:00] have this metal on metal surface just
[37:04] going at 6,000 RPM as you're racing your
[37:07] car well this is just going to wear out
[37:09] and it's going to wear this out and then
[37:12] everything will just
[37:13] explode actually that's not how this
[37:16] goes you have a thin film of oil that
[37:19] comes out of here and coats the inside
[37:22] of this and the other side so they're
[37:25] actually not making contact
[37:28] they're not supposed to make contact
[37:30] there's supposed to be a film of oil
[37:32] here that cools these and protects them
[37:35] from wear these rod bearings and you'll
[37:38] you'll hear the term rod
[37:40] [Music]
[37:42] knock the rod knock is the knocking
[37:45] sound that the rods will make as they go
[37:48] on the on the journal here when they are
[37:51] when these completely wear out let's do
[37:53] a small demonstration of that how that
[37:55] sounds like now when I turn turn this
[37:58] you hear no noise and this is solid it's
[38:01] not going anywhere I'm going to remove
[38:03] one of these
[38:06] [Applause]
[38:08] caps note do not do this on an actual
[38:11] engine this engine is junk we are using
[38:14] it for demonstration I'm going to remove
[38:17] these cuz this is basically what happens
[38:19] you see how thin this is if this wear is
[38:21] down you basically have this is gone so
[38:25] what I'm going to do here is I'm going
[38:27] to remove
[38:34] them and then reinstall
[38:46] this never use power tool engine
[38:48] remember this is a non-running
[38:51] [Applause]
[38:52] engine now watch this one this one is
[38:55] solid it's not moving
[39:00] hear that noise and watch when I turn
[39:02] the
[39:05] engine you hear that
[39:12] noise that noise is a rod knock
[39:16] basically your car will be idling you'll
[39:18] hear
[39:21] this now eventually what's going to
[39:23] happen is
[39:28] the bearing will be completely gone this
[39:31] will start eating into this and
[39:36] eventually either this will break and
[39:39] this thing will come flying out and come
[39:41] out of the side or this from the
[39:43] hammering effect this will break in half
[39:47] rip and go out side of the engine now
[39:50] when you hear the term rod
[39:53] knock you know exactly what that means
[39:57] that means this ugly
[40:02] sound now here's a cool thing
[40:04] here you notice we talked about these
[40:07] but we did not talk
[40:09] about these caps these are called the
[40:12] main caps this is what holds the crank
[40:15] to the block and they also have bearings
[40:20] because we also have an oil hole right
[40:23] here that brings oil so we would not
[40:25] have metal to metal contact now
[40:28] something about gasoline
[40:32] engines usually when you have oil
[40:35] starvation when you run the engine low
[40:37] in oil you have a o problem with the
[40:39] pressure it's always the rod bearings
[40:42] that will get destroyed before these I
[40:45] mean if you destroy a main bearing we
[40:48] are doing some serious stuff here
[40:51] because the way the oil Flows In engines
[40:53] it'll flow to the main caps first then
[40:56] through the crank go here so it'll flow
[41:00] from the Block into the into this then
[41:03] into this so if you destroy this this is
[41:06] long gone that's how it usually goes now
[41:10] we talked about all this and you see
[41:11] this journal this is on the crank itself
[41:14] I'm going to pull this crank out so you
[41:16] can actually see it in person and see
[41:18] how it looks like we got our crank ready
[41:21] to come out one thing I'll say about the
[41:23] crank this seal you see this seal I pop
[41:26] it out
[41:29] this is your rear main seal that when it
[41:31] leaks you have to pull the transmission
[41:33] out to pull the engine out because it
[41:35] literally sits between the engine and
[41:37] this is where the transmission would be
[41:39] on that side so this is how that looks
[41:41] like and with that
[41:44] out pull this out and are you ready to
[41:47] say hello to the crankshaft very heavy
[41:53] part that noise we'll talk about in a
[41:56] second
[41:57] this is how this crankshaft looks like
[42:00] isn't this a
[42:02] beautiful piece engineering that other
[42:06] piece that fell off we'll also talk
[42:07] about isn't this a beautiful piece of
[42:10] engineering just look at this I would
[42:13] put this in my dining room as a as like
[42:16] a
[42:17] decoration I'm a car guy maybe maybe my
[42:20] wife will not think so as well but this
[42:23] is a
[42:24] crankshaft you notice how it's stepped
[42:28] in a specific way these are the
[42:31] mains that hold it to the block which by
[42:35] the way here's that other bearing on the
[42:36] other side you notice these are much
[42:38] heavier Duty bearings that they have a
[42:40] much larger oil Passage through
[42:43] them and then the rods much
[42:48] smaller there's four of them this is how
[42:51] a crankshaft is and this other side of
[42:54] the
[42:55] crankshaft is where your if you have a
[42:58] manual transmission where your flywheel
[43:00] will connect if you have an automatic
[43:02] transmission this is where your flex
[43:03] plate will connect that the torque
[43:05] converter will connect to and that's
[43:07] where the output of the engine
[43:12] is now when we took this crank
[43:15] out we had these two very innocent
[43:19] looking washers come out see how much
[43:22] wear they have on
[43:23] them these are called thrust washers
[43:27] now as you load this crank every time
[43:31] you see how it has a little bit of
[43:35] movement and it's specifically designed
[43:37] for that every time you put like you
[43:41] push the P piston down and you have like
[43:43] lateral movement these are actually
[43:46] going to limit that or hold the crank in
[43:50] in place they are wearable they do wear
[43:54] with time
[43:55] but you will rarely see these go out
[43:59] some
[44:00] engines and this is another thing we'll
[44:02] talk about some engines these actually
[44:06] sit right here we've seen cases where
[44:09] one of these or both fall out and
[44:12] they'll end up in the oil
[44:14] pan and here's what ends up happening
[44:17] you'll have a very strange knocking
[44:19] sounds that sounds like
[44:25] this and people will think it's broad
[44:27] knock they'll take the engine apart
[44:29] they'll freak out about it they'll think
[44:31] it's a tensioner they think it's a heat
[44:33] shield it's actually one of these fell
[44:35] out or wore
[44:37] off this could tear up the engine very
[44:42] quickly now that we've talked about this
[44:45] I'm going to remove
[44:50] this I want you to observe something let
[44:53] me turn this a little bit do you see
[44:56] these four four jets that are
[45:00] facing the piston this is where the
[45:02] Piston would be right
[45:05] here these four jets are vital to engine
[45:10] operation folks did you know that
[45:13] coolant is not the only thing that cools
[45:17] down engines it's actually oil you
[45:20] remember the old engines they were air
[45:23] cooled but it's actually the oil that
[45:24] cooled it and the air helped cool the
[45:27] oil so these jets are spraying oil
[45:32] directly at the back of the of the
[45:34] Piston to cool it down because the
[45:35] combustion is happening right on top of
[45:37] it they are
[45:39] vital to the life of the engine some
[45:42] engines will have two Jets not just one
[45:45] and they're precisely positioned where
[45:47] they spray a specific amount to cool
[45:50] that
[45:50] piston just so it would not
[45:53] overheat speaking of the Piston let's go
[45:56] look at at that closely and see how that
[45:59] is a huge important part of this of this
[46:02] beautiful piece of machine here's a
[46:05] piston let's talk about this cuz this to
[46:08] me is the magic part
[46:12] so this is the Piston itself and it does
[46:16] have multiple components to it now this
[46:19] is an assembled one let me bring one
[46:20] that we took apart so you can
[46:23] see this is how this actually looks like
[46:27] so you have a wrist pin which looks like
[46:30] this that's completely worn
[46:33] down this goes through
[46:36] here goes through
[46:39] here and then comes out the other side
[46:42] and then there's two little rings that
[46:44] lock it in
[46:45] place normally they will do
[46:49] this they have a little bit of movement
[46:53] that is normal people have taken engines
[46:55] apart they have no of doing so and they
[46:58] look at this they're like well this is
[46:59] making a lot of noise that is
[47:02] normal what this allows the Piston to do
[47:06] as it's going up and then the crankshaft
[47:08] turns direction to come down it allows
[47:11] it to
[47:12] swing back and
[47:16] forth this is just a beautiful thing
[47:21] this is a rod and the bearing is here
[47:24] piston on this end now here's what
[47:28] can cause issues with these
[47:30] rods usually the rods believe it or not
[47:34] are sacrificial in an engine same thing
[47:37] with a bearing on it CU you want to
[47:39] protect the crank if for example you
[47:44] drive your car through a giant puddle of
[47:46] water and the engine takes in
[47:49] water that water is going to come here
[47:51] now you can compress air you cannot
[47:55] compress liquid and if you get large
[47:57] amount of liquid here this will try to
[48:00] compress it and it'll just dead stop so
[48:03] what's going to happen is this let's
[48:06] think it's going to do what this does
[48:10] it's going to literally Bend and when
[48:14] this
[48:15] bends it's no longer going to make it
[48:17] all the way up and you'll have all kinds
[48:19] of problems or if this seizes all of a
[48:23] sudden and this try and push on it this
[48:25] will literally break in half
[48:28] that's what this does so when an engine
[48:31] threw a rod that's a term you will hear
[48:35] this broke and just went sideways broke
[48:38] the cylinder and just came out of the
[48:39] side of the engine that's what an engine
[48:41] that threw a rod through
[48:44] this but let's get the distraction out
[48:47] of the way and let's focus on the most
[48:50] delicate part of an
[48:55] engine the piston
[48:57] Rings which did you notice that this one
[48:59] just broke that's actually one of the
[49:02] problems of this particular
[49:05] engine these piston rings there's three
[49:08] of them one two three the top
[49:12] two and take them
[49:16] out these are the compression Rings this
[49:19] is what SEALs
[49:21] this this piston as it goes up and down
[49:24] in the in the cylinder to create create
[49:27] that
[49:28] compression second one is also a second
[49:31] one that does the same
[49:35] thing the third one is called an oil
[49:38] control ring I think this one will not
[49:42] come in one piece I we just rip it out
[49:45] and that's okay cuz it's
[49:48] broken this all this third ring which
[49:51] now is in two
[49:53] pieces does do you remember that jet
[49:56] that was sprad here all the time well
[49:59] that oil eventually going to Splash and
[50:01] want to stay on the cylinder walls
[50:04] this scrapes it down as we
[50:08] go so we would not have oil inside the
[50:13] combustion chamber which now is going to
[50:15] basically your car is going to start
[50:16] burning
[50:18] oil see we've talked about oil
[50:20] consumption in a video detailing why
[50:23] they do that why engines burn oil it's
[50:26] not these two these two if you have no
[50:28] compression in the cylinder because of
[50:30] the Rings these two will be to blame but
[50:33] if you burn oil it's actually the third
[50:35] one that does this so This has a spring
[50:39] see if I can get it out so you can see
[50:42] it this
[50:43] spring sits these are actually two now
[50:47] these are no longer two but these are
[50:50] actually two rings and this one sits in
[50:52] between them and it pushes so if
[50:58] you look here it's extremely difficult
[51:01] to see it because this is why this this
[51:03] engine is used as a demo there are holes
[51:08] here every time the Piston is going down
[51:12] it's actually going to create pressure
[51:14] downwards and when you have that oil
[51:17] pushed in here it's actually going to
[51:19] push this ring out and scrape the oil
[51:24] down from the cylinder wall so we
[51:25] wouldn't leave it there and then burn it
[51:27] when this gets seized
[51:30] from many
[51:32] reasons is one of them this will no
[51:36] longer be able to scrape the oil down
[51:39] and then another thing Could Happen
[51:41] these little passages here will get
[51:44] clogged and then they will no longer
[51:47] push this out and then nothing
[51:51] happens now let's talk about other
[51:54] things with pistons
[51:57] we're not get too much into it but you
[51:59] remember that mixture that we talked
[52:01] about of a perfect amount of fuel and a
[52:05] perfect amount of air which has oxygen
[52:08] in it the per perfect mixture let's call
[52:11] it in the
[52:13] middle you can go either way when you go
[52:17] more fuel less
[52:19] air you go to a mixture that's called
[52:22] Rich what the rich mixture is going to
[52:25] do is you're going to dump so much fuel
[52:27] here that it's too much for the spark
[52:30] block to ignite all of it so some of it
[52:33] will actually trickle down and come out
[52:35] of the exhaust that is called a rich
[52:37] mixture Rich mixtures lower the
[52:40] temperature of the of the Piston so have
[52:44] you ever have gasoline in your hand I
[52:46] don't encourage you to do so but if you
[52:48] ever had that experience it's actually
[52:50] has a cooling
[52:52] effect and that's what it does when you
[52:54] have a rich mixture you're going to cool
[52:56] things down but at the same time you're
[52:59] going to build up some carbon cuz all
[53:01] that unburned fuel is just going to
[53:04] linger and the next cycle is going to
[53:06] get burned but it's too much and it'll
[53:07] leave deposits and now we have all kinds
[53:09] of
[53:11] problems the
[53:13] second kind of edge of the
[53:16] spectrum too much air too little
[53:21] fuel that is a dangerous mix because
[53:25] when you have two little fuel too much
[53:27] oxygen you're actually going to cause a
[53:30] lean condition lean conditions in an
[53:33] engine are like a torch that's the best
[53:36] way I can explain it if you ever used an
[53:39] oxy aylin torch you know exactly what
[53:41] I'm talking about too much oxygen in a
[53:43] combustion will create a a very hot
[53:47] flame that will actually melt the Piston
[53:50] now we're not talking about you got a
[53:52] code small code for system lean and that
[53:55] that's we're talking extreme cases where
[53:58] the computer cannot control it it will
[54:01] literally melt this piston like some of
[54:04] these pictures you see here it will melt
[54:07] this piston because this piston is
[54:11] aluminum special kind of aluminum but
[54:14] it's still aluminum it's designed to run
[54:16] at Optimum operating conditions not the
[54:19] torch of Lan
[54:24] condition let's talk about a few few
[54:26] things with gasoline engines that you
[54:28] should know
[54:31] about the pattern is that is called
[54:34] cross hatch if it is
[54:37] lost
[54:39] the oil rings will no longer be able to
[54:43] clean that surface they're that's one
[54:46] thing about them and the best part is
[54:47] what wears down the crosshatch is the
[54:50] oil control ring when it seizes it's
[54:52] supposed to move as we go and when it
[54:55] doesn't it starts wearing in one area
[54:58] and you have loss of cros hatch and we
[55:01] no longer
[55:03] have the ability to scrape that oil down
[55:06] and the engine starts burning oil oil by
[55:09] the way of course oil is derived from
[55:11] the same place crude oil so you start to
[55:15] have elevated levels of hydrocarbons and
[55:19] eventually this caused all kinds of
[55:20] issues Believe It or Not engines that
[55:22] burn oil actually run slightly cooler
[55:24] than engines that don't and the way you
[55:26] know an engine Burns oil if you like
[55:29] take the spark plugs and send the camera
[55:31] in easiest way to know of course if you
[55:34] have cylinder whale damage well you know
[55:37] that that engine potentially Burns oil
[55:39] but there's one Telltale
[55:41] sign which
[55:44] is reading the Piston see this one has
[55:49] so much carbon that this is a different
[55:52] case but if you look at a piston you
[55:55] look like a four CER
[55:57] engine if you have a coolant issue
[56:00] getting in here see coolant is a mixture
[56:03] of
[56:05] water and ethylin glycol in most cases
[56:09] ethylin glycol is the part that causes
[56:11] the antifreeze part and water is just
[56:14] water it's to cool things
[56:16] down if you have water here or coolant
[56:20] in that case that water will steam up
[56:24] it'll become like a pressure washer
[56:26] it'll wash the face of this piston
[56:28] perfectly
[56:30] clean and if you look at all this the
[56:34] Pistons one of them looks very clean and
[56:36] the rest of them look dirty or not dirty
[56:39] just like this you know that you have
[56:41] cooling going into a cylinder and if you
[56:44] have I wish we had a better example this
[56:46] particular engine has a lot of issues if
[56:48] you have only the edges are clean but
[56:52] the rest of it is not that is actually
[56:56] the same effect but of oil oil will
[56:59] actually start steaming this and just
[57:02] washing the edge of it that is called
[57:04] ring wash that's when the ring is not
[57:06] able to scrape the oil down and it's
[57:08] evaporating here and kind of cleaning
[57:12] this Edge only if you see that this
[57:15] engine Burns oil 100% now how much that
[57:19] is the question but if you see that
[57:21] edges are clean but the rest of it is
[57:23] normal you're burning oil now let's talk
[57:26] about a few other little things with
[57:30] engines this is the most basic form of
[57:33] of how an engine works but let's talk
[57:35] about the things you will run into as an
[57:36] average o driving your car every day now
[57:39] that you know more about this engine
[57:41] occasionally you'll drive your car and
[57:43] you accelerate you hear
[57:46] this just strange rattling noise and
[57:49] then it'll go away sometimes accompanied
[57:51] by smoke that is called knock ignition
[57:55] knock
[57:56] or predestination could be either way
[57:59] let talk about the most basic form of
[58:02] that so we want now that we understand
[58:05] how this whole thing works we want that
[58:08] mixture to be ignited for our combustion
[58:11] to start at a specific
[58:14] point no later no before exactly at the
[58:18] right time as the Piston is coming up we
[58:20] want to ignite that mixture and then
[58:23] push that piston
[58:24] down then the the power is
[58:27] throat if you for example have a piece
[58:31] of carbon that got too hot and that was
[58:36] hot enough to ignite your mixture before
[58:39] time that's called preignition you're
[58:43] going to pre- ignite the mixture at the
[58:46] wrong time so what that's going to do is
[58:49] it's going to cause something like this
[58:56] is going to rock that piston as it's
[58:58] going up because it's ignited at the
[59:00] wrong
[59:01] time and this is where we're slightly
[59:04] going to go into the fuel compensation
[59:06] see engines have a compression
[59:09] ratio usually high performance engines
[59:12] will have a higher compression ratio so
[59:15] they can have more power that's how you
[59:17] make more power out of an engine give it
[59:18] more compression more air more fuel
[59:22] either or or combination of that's how
[59:25] you make an engine make more power
[59:28] so high compression engines things are
[59:32] elevated you have more compression you
[59:35] have more fuel going in you have kind of
[59:37] a more aggressive thing is happening
[59:40] so the temperatures are much higher in a
[59:44] high compression engine on top of the
[59:45] piston and in the combustion chamber
[59:47] than that of a lazy family car that is
[59:51] just meant to drive at normal speeds and
[59:53] we're good so when you have all that
[59:55] extra heat
[59:57] and you send that gasoline in here well
[59:59] if it's too hot that gasoline will just
[60:02] combust whenever it feels like it
[60:04] because it's simply too hot this is
[60:07] where you put premium
[60:08] fuel so premium fuel let's talk about it
[60:13] for really quickly here premium fuel
[60:16] it's a more stable fuel so it will not
[60:20] ignite only from a little bit of higher
[60:23] temperature you have to have an ignition
[60:24] Source it's more stable less volatile is
[60:28] the word for it so when you have these
[60:30] extreme temperatures because of this
[60:31] high compression and things are on high
[60:34] alert that fuel will be more stable be
[60:36] like no I will not ignite from this
[60:39] little high temperature I will wait for
[60:41] that spark plug but all of a sudden you
[60:43] put regular gas in a car that's designed
[60:45] to run on premium fuel and you will have
[60:48] detonation all day long and what's going
[60:50] to happen is this will keep rocking and
[60:53] rocking and rocking and rocking
[60:55] eventually you're going to wear your
[60:56] cylinder walls
[60:58] and we're going to have major problems
[61:00] but equally if you put premium fuel in a
[61:02] regular car while the temperatures are
[61:05] low so fuel will come in we ignite with
[61:09] the spark plug and the same thing will
[61:10] happen I just wanted you to understand
[61:13] why putting premium fuel in a regular
[61:15] car does absolutely nothing but cost you
[61:18] more so now you know that part
[61:21] now engines do have a protection for
[61:25] this modern engines something called a
[61:27] knock sensor it's a little microphone
[61:30] actually it's nothing fancy it's
[61:32] literally a microphone sits right here
[61:35] it's actually the place for it in this
[61:36] particular engine it's listening for a
[61:39] specific
[61:42] frequency that this piston will make
[61:45] when it starts rocking back and forth
[61:47] when it hears that it's going to send a
[61:49] signal to the computer the computer
[61:51] knows ooh we have things are happening
[61:54] at the wrong time is going to
[61:57] either back off the ignition timing
[61:59] which will calm things down which we now
[62:02] we're going to kind of ignite later cool
[62:06] things down try to lower the
[62:08] temperatures to control this rocking
[62:11] before it destroys thing and this
[62:12] happens for a little bit it's okay but
[62:15] if it happens all day long we have a
[62:17] problem and some cars you'll notice when
[62:18] they do that strange sound you'll hear
[62:21] for a little bit and it'll go away but
[62:22] you need to feel a car kind of
[62:23] underpowered but why does that know
[62:26] happen to begin
[62:28] with carbon on the Pistons and the
[62:30] valves and in the combustion chamber or
[62:34] poor quality fuel is usually what does
[62:37] that poor spark plugs spark plugs have a
[62:39] lot of carbon on them and you haven't
[62:41] changed them in a very long time there's
[62:42] many reasons but bottom line is you hear
[62:45] that
[62:46] sound this is not good you should look
[62:51] into it sometimes you it's inevitable
[62:54] and it will happen as engines age and
[62:56] everything but if it's continuous and it
[62:58] doesn't stop something is terribly wrong
[63:00] and you should look into it and lastly I
[63:02] want to clarify one thing there are two
[63:05] types of things that will rock your
[63:08] piston back and forth I just want to
[63:09] clarify this because the language can be
[63:13] confusing you have knocking and you have
[63:16] pre-ignition
[63:17] pre-ignition is when the Piston is still
[63:21] coming up and you have ignition before
[63:24] it's supposed to happen that's called
[63:25] pre-ignition
[63:29] knocking is
[63:32] when the spark plug ignites the mixture
[63:35] and all of a sudden you have a second
[63:37] ignition from the side either it's a
[63:39] piece of carbon that got loaded with
[63:41] fuel or whatever the case may be that is
[63:45] knocking now the knock sensor can pick
[63:47] both of them but it's really meant to
[63:49] detect the secondary ignition cuz we're
[63:52] not supposed to pre- ignite on a normal
[63:54] healthy engine but sometimes you will
[63:58] have that secondary explosion that kind
[64:00] of rocks everything as the Piston now is
[64:02] coming down you don't want more more
[64:05] combustion all of a sudden that
[64:06] combustion comes up and rocks the Piston
[64:08] as it's coming down we don't want that
[64:10] just wanted to clarify the two cuz
[64:13] they're often confused and they have
[64:16] multiple names with mechanics so these
[64:18] are the two terms for them and this is
[64:20] what they mean and this is how a
[64:23] gasoline engine works pretty fastc fting
[64:26] isn't it I've had the absolute privilege
[64:28] of being able to work on these engines
[64:30] for a very long time and experience them
[64:32] and after some time of working on them
[64:34] it becomes kind of like the norm you're
[64:37] just used to it but every once in a
[64:39] while we just stop as a new engine it
[64:40] comes out we looking into it we stop and
[64:44] just wow things have come a long way
[64:48] with gasoline engine folks and it's
[64:49] always fascinating to me as many
[64:52] thousands of engines that I've been into
[64:54] and working on it's still fascinating to
[64:57] me and I hope now you have a better
[64:59] understanding of how exactly these four
[65:01] strokes happen and how this beautiful
[65:03] piece of engineering Works folks I hope
[65:07] this video was helpful informative I
[65:08] hope you learned something new if you
[65:10] like it consider giving a thumbs up if
[65:11] you're not a subscriber consider
[65:12] subscribing to the channel check out
[65:14] some of my other videos until the next
[65:15] video folks may the Lord bless you and
[65:18] keep you and you have yourself wonderful
[65:19] day
[65:30] and in case you are wondering what will
[65:32] we do with this engine after we're done
[65:34] with this video which is basically a
[65:36] junker we're going to turn it into a
[65:38] bongo listen to
[65:45] this there you go
[65:50] [Music]