[0:00] there has been a lot of Buzz lately
[0:02] about av1 an open source and
[0:05] royalty-free video Codec developed by
[0:07] the alliance for open media a non-profit
[0:10] industry Consortium in the same time my
[0:12] storage server is almost full at 80
[0:14] occupied capacity much of that has been
[0:17] taken up by 4K videos from recent years
[0:19] so I'm currently thinking about how I
[0:22] can reduce this space the videos are
[0:24] Random clips from here and there travel
[0:27] and family memories for example they are
[0:29] not intended for future editing so I can
[0:32] reduce their quality and size with a
[0:34] modern codec but which codec at the
[0:37] moment the two most popular codecs are
[0:39] av-1 and h.265 let's talk a little bit
[0:42] about them
[0:46] av1 or AO media video 1 was developed as
[0:49] a successor to vp9 a coding format
[0:52] developed by Google the founders of
[0:54] Alliance for open media are Amazon Cisco
[0:57] Google Intel Microsoft Mozilla Netflix
[1:00] The Alliance saw expansion of its member
[1:02] list since Inception in 2015. AMD arm
[1:06] Nvidia Adobe Facebook Apple Samsung
[1:10] Huawei Intel and others joined in the
[1:13] following years
[1:17] h.265 or MPEG H part 2 or hevc or high
[1:22] efficiency video coding is another
[1:24] modern and popular video Codec it is
[1:26] developed by joint collaborative team on
[1:28] video coding and was first made
[1:30] available in 2013. the majority of
[1:33] active patent contributions towards the
[1:35] development of the h.265 format came
[1:38] from five organizations Samsung General
[1:41] Electric M and K Holdings NTT and JVC
[1:45] Kenwood the concept for h.265 was
[1:48] largely an extension of h.264 but
[1:51] introduces numerous improvements during
[1:53] the encoding process the big difference
[1:55] compared to av1 is that h.265 is not
[1:58] royalty free it has a very complicated
[2:01] and expensive royalty structure The
[2:03] Joint shareholders from MPEG La hevc
[2:06] advance and valus media which including
[2:09] Ericsson Panasonic Qualcomm sharp and
[2:11] Sony all have different license fees on
[2:14] h.265
[2:17] foreign
[2:23] them and will not edit them in the
[2:25] future the videos are basically from
[2:28] three cameras GoPro Hero 9 Panasonic gh5
[2:32] and Panasonic G7 all the footage from
[2:35] them is
[2:36] 2160p 4K resolution with different bit
[2:39] rates all the original footage is
[2:41] encoded in h.264 the predecessor of
[2:45] h.265
[2:46] I've been reading for the last few days
[2:48] about which codec to choose but I can't
[2:50] come to a decision all the hype now is
[2:53] about av1 but this does not guarantee
[2:56] that it is the better choice
[2:58] h.265 is older and more developed av1
[3:01] promises that it's the codec of the
[3:03] future
[3:06] I decided to conduct a test using three
[3:08] source files one from each camera for
[3:11] software I am using handbrake free and
[3:14] open source converting tool for encoding
[3:16] I am using CPU only Hardware encoding
[3:19] trades quality for Speed I'm not in a
[3:22] hurry more info about Hardware encoders
[3:25] can be found at eposvox video
[3:28] there are a lot of settings for each
[3:30] encoder I haven't delved into them too
[3:32] much for Quality I sat a bit rate of 15
[3:35] megabits per second the source file in
[3:38] this example is from the GoPro camera
[3:40] with original bit rate of 100 megabits
[3:42] and 800 megabytes file size let's start
[3:46] with h.265 using x265 encoder the
[3:51] encoder preset was on default slower
[3:53] speed means better quality in theory the
[3:56] other settings can be seen on the
[3:57] screenshot on my quad-core AMD Zen 2 CPU
[4:01] the encoding speed is 002.8 frames per
[4:04] second and the final file size is 120
[4:08] megabytes with av1 codec the encoder
[4:11] preset is at six the encoding speed is
[4:14] slower at 0 0 1.7 FPS and the final file
[4:18] size is 122 megabytes or about the same
[4:21] size as h.265
[4:27] in both cases it makes a big difference
[4:29] in file size compared to the original
[4:31] Source but what about playback although
[4:34] it's not important to me I decided to
[4:36] check which codec is more CPU intensive
[4:39] during playback av1 puts more strain on
[4:42] the CPU but that's probably to be
[4:44] expected it's important to note that I
[4:47] am not sure does my hardware and
[4:48] software have a GPU decoding during
[4:50] playback in terms of quality I can't see
[4:53] a differences between the two encoded
[4:55] files but I am not pixel peering
[4:58] another thing I wonder is if and how
[5:00] much the original file matters if the
[5:03] source files are encoded with h.264
[5:05] maybe h.265 is the better choice to
[5:08] re-encode because probably h.265 is more
[5:11] similar to h.264 than av1 to h265
[5:21] . in the end I'll probably go with the
[5:23] h.265 it's interesting to note that a
[5:26] successor to the h.265 has been in
[5:28] development for some time the name is
[5:31] h.266 or versatile video coding or VVC
[5:35] of course it promises better compression
[5:37] but at the moment it's not available in
[5:39] handbrake
[5:40] ax-266 encoder is expected to be
[5:43] publicly released in second half of 2023
[5:45] but it will take time to be perfected
[5:53] foreign