[0:00] humans rule Earth without competition
[0:03] but we're about to create something that
[0:05] may change that our last invention the
[0:08] most powerful tool weapon or maybe even
[0:10] entity artificial super
[0:13] intelligence this sounds like science
[0:16] fiction so let's start at the beginning
[0:19] intelligence is the ability to learn
[0:22] reason acquire Knowledge and Skills and
[0:24] use them to solve problems intelligence
[0:27] is power and we're the species that
[0:29] exploited it the most so much so that
[0:32] Humanity broke the game of Nature and
[0:35] took control but the journey there
[0:37] wasn't straightforward for most animals
[0:40] intelligence costs too much energy to be
[0:42] worth it still if we track intelligence
[0:45] in the tree of species over time we can
[0:47] see lots of diverse forms of
[0:49] intelligence emerge the earliest brains
[0:52] were in flatworms 500 million years ago
[0:55] just a tiny cluster of neurons to handle
[0:57] basic body functions it took hundreds of
[1:00] millions of years for species to
[1:01] diversify and become more complex life
[1:05] conquered New environments gained new
[1:07] senses and had to contend with Fierce
[1:09] competition over resources but in nature
[1:12] all that matters is survival and brains
[1:15] are expensive so for almost all animals
[1:17] a narrow intelligence fit for a narrow
[1:19] range of tasks was enough in some
[1:22] environments animals like birds
[1:24] octopuses and mammals evolved more
[1:26] complex neural structures for them it
[1:29] paid off to have more energy consuming
[1:31] skills like Advanced navigation and
[1:33] communication until 7 billion years ago
[1:36] the hominins emerged we don't know why
[1:39] but their brains grew faster than their
[1:41] relatives something was different about
[1:43] their intelligence very slowly it turned
[1:46] from narrow to General from a
[1:48] screwdriver to a multi-tool able to
[1:51] think about diverse Problems 2 million
[1:55] years ago homo erector saw the world
[1:57] differently from anyone before as
[1:59] something be understood and transformed
[2:02] they controlled fire invented tools and
[2:05] created the first culture we probably
[2:08] emerged from them around 250,000 years
[2:11] ago with an even larger and more complex
[2:14] brain it enabled us to work together in
[2:16] large groups and to communicate complex
[2:19] thoughts we used our intelligence to
[2:21] improve our lives to ask how things work
[2:24] and why things are the way they are with
[2:26] each Discovery we asked more questions
[2:29] and pushed forward Ward preserving what
[2:31] we learned outpacing what evolution
[2:33] could do with genes knowledge Builds on
[2:36] knowledge progress was slow at first and
[2:39] then sped up exponentially agriculture
[2:42] writing medicine astronomy or philosophy
[2:44] exploded into the world 200 years ago
[2:47] science took off and made us even better
[2:49] at learning about the world and speeding
[2:51] up progress 35 years ago the internet
[2:54] age began today we live in a world made
[2:57] to suit our needs created by us us for
[3:00] us this is incredibly new we forget how
[3:04] hard it was to get here how enormous the
[3:07] steps on the intelligence ladder were
[3:09] and how long it took to climb them but
[3:11] once we did we became the most powerful
[3:14] animal in the world in a
[3:16] heartbeat but we may be in the process
[3:18] of changing this we're building machines
[3:21] that could be better at the very thing
[3:23] that gave us the power to conquer the
[3:25] planet Humanity's final invention
[3:30] artificial
[3:31] intelligence artificial intelligence or
[3:34] AI is software that performs mental
[3:36] tasks with a computer code that uses
[3:38] silicon instead of neurons to solve
[3:41] problems in the beginning AI was very
[3:43] simple lines of code on paper mere
[3:46] proofs of concept to demonstrate how
[3:48] machines could perform mental tasks only
[3:51] in the 1960s did we start seeing the
[3:53] first examples of what we would
[3:55] recognize as AI a chatbot in 1964
[3:59] approach program to sort through
[4:00] molecules in
[4:02] 1965 slow specialized systems requiring
[4:06] experts to use them their intelligence
[4:08] was extremely narrow built for a single
[4:11] task inside a controlled environment the
[4:13] equivalent of flat worms 500 million
[4:16] years ago doing the minimum amount of
[4:18] mental work progress in AI research
[4:21] paused several times when researchers
[4:23] lost hope in the technology but just
[4:25] like changing environments create new
[4:27] niches for Life the world around AI
[4:30] changed between 1950 and 2000 computers
[4:33] got a billion times faster while
[4:35] programming became easier and widespread
[4:38] in 1972 AI could navigate a room in 1989
[4:42] it could read handwritten numbers but it
[4:45] remained a fancy tool no match for
[4:47] humans until in 1997 an AI shocked the
[4:51] World by beating the world champion in
[4:53] chess proving that we could build
[4:55] machines that could surpass us but we
[4:57] calmed ourselves because a chest spot is
[5:00] quite stupid not a flatworm but maybe a
[5:03] bee only able to perform a specialized
[5:06] narrow task but within this narrow task
[5:09] it's so good that no human will ever
[5:11] again beat AI a chess as computers
[5:15] continued to improve AI became a
[5:17] powerful tool for more and more tasks in
[5:20] 2004 it drove a robot on Mars in 2011 it
[5:23] began recommending YouTube videos to you
[5:26] but this was only possible because
[5:28] humans broke down problems into easyto
[5:30] digest chunks that computers could solve
[5:32] quickly until we taught AIS to teach
[5:37] themselves rise of the self-learning
[5:41] Machines this is not a technical video
[5:43] so we're massively oversimplifying here
[5:46] in a nutshell the sheer power of
[5:47] supercomputers was combined with the
[5:49] almost endless data collected in the
[5:51] information age to make a new generation
[5:54] of ai ai experts began drastically
[5:57] improving forms of AI software called
[5:59] neur neural networks enormously huge
[6:01] networks of artificial neurons that
[6:03] start out being bad at their tasks they
[6:06] then used machine learning which is an
[6:08] umbrella term for many different
[6:10] training techniques and environments
[6:11] that allows algorithms to write their
[6:13] own code and improve themselves the
[6:16] scary thing is that we don't exactly
[6:17] know how they do it and what happens
[6:20] inside them just that it works and that
[6:23] what comes out the other end is a new
[6:25] type of AI a capable black box of code
[6:29] the these new AIS could Master complex
[6:31] skills extremely quickly with much less
[6:34] human help they were still narrow
[6:36] intelligences but a huge step up in 2014
[6:40] Facebook AI could identify faces with
[6:42] 97% accuracy in 2016 an AI beat the best
[6:47] humans in the incredibly complex game of
[6:49] Go in 2018 a self-learning AI learned
[6:53] chess in 4 hours just by playing against
[6:56] itself and then defeated the best
[6:58] specialized chess bot since then machine
[7:01] learning has been applied to reading
[7:03] image processing solving tests and much
[7:06] more many of these AIS are already
[7:08] better than humans for whatever narrow
[7:10] task they were trained but they still
[7:12] remained a simple tool AI still didn't
[7:15] seem that big of a deal for most people
[7:17] and then came the chatbot chat GPT the
[7:21] work that went into it is massive it
[7:23] trained on nearly everything written on
[7:24] the internet to learn how to handle
[7:26] language which it now does better than
[7:28] most people it can summarize translate
[7:31] and help with some math problems it's
[7:34] incredibly more broad than any other
[7:36] system just a few years ago not crushing
[7:39] any single Benchmark but order of them
[7:41] at once many large tech companies are
[7:44] spending billions to build powerful
[7:46] competitors AI is already transforming
[7:49] customer service banking Healthcare
[7:51] marketing copyrighting creative spaces
[7:54] and more AI generated content has
[7:57] already taken hold of social media
[7:59] YouTube and news websites elections are
[8:02] expected to be inundated by Propaganda
[8:04] and
[8:05] misinformation no one is sure how much
[8:07] good or harm can come from adopting AI
[8:09] everywhere change is scary there will be
[8:12] winners and losers one of the biggest
[8:15] questions governments and corporations
[8:17] have now is how to manage the transition
[8:19] to an AI boosted economy all these
[8:22] potential gains or risks are just the
[8:24] result of today's AI chat gpt's
[8:27] intelligence is a major step up but it
[8:30] remains narrow one it can write a great
[8:32] essay in seconds it doesn't understand
[8:35] what it's writing but what if the AIS
[8:38] stopped being
[8:39] narrow General AI what makes humans
[8:43] different from current AI is our general
[8:46] intelligence humans can technically
[8:48] absorb any piece of knowledge and start
[8:50] working on any problem we're great at
[8:52] many very different skills and tasks
[8:54] from playing chess to writing or solving
[8:56] science puzzles not equally of course
[8:59] some of us are experts in some fields
[9:01] and beginners in others but we can
[9:03] technically do all of them in the past
[9:06] AI was narrow and able to become good at
[9:08] one skill but was rather bad in all the
[9:10] others simply by building faster
[9:13] computers and pouring more money into AI
[9:15] training will get us new more powerful
[9:18] generations of AI but what is the next
[9:21] step for AI is to become a general
[9:24] intelligence like us an
[9:26] AGI if the AI improvement process
[9:29] continues as it has been it's not
[9:31] unlikely that AGI could be better in
[9:33] most or even all skills that humans can
[9:36] do we don't know how to build AGI how it
[9:39] will work or what it will be able to do
[9:42] since narrow AIS today are capable of
[9:45] mastering one mental task quickly HGI
[9:47] might be able to do the same with all
[9:49] mental tasks so even if it starts out
[9:52] stupid and HGI might be able to become
[9:55] as smart and capable as a human while
[9:58] this sounds like science sence fiction
[10:00] most AI researchers think this will
[10:02] happen sometime this Century maybe
[10:04] already in a few years humanity is not
[10:07] ready for what will happen next not
[10:09] socially not economically not morally
[10:13] earlier we defined intelligence as the
[10:15] ability to learn reason acquire
[10:17] Knowledge and Skills and use them to
[10:19] solve problems all things humans excel
[10:22] at an AGI as intelligent as even an
[10:25] average human would already disrupt
[10:27] modern civilization because they're not
[10:29] Bound by the same limitations as we are
[10:32] today's AIS like chat gbt already think
[10:35] and solve the tasks they were made for
[10:37] at least 10 times faster than even very
[10:39] skilled humans maybe AGI will be slower
[10:43] but it may also be faster maybe much
[10:45] faster and since HGI are software you
[10:49] could copy them endlessly as long as you
[10:51] have enough storage and run them in
[10:54] parallel there are 8 million scientists
[10:56] in the world now imagine an AI copied a
[10:59] million times and put to work imagine 1
[11:02] million scientists working 24/7 thinking
[11:05] 10 times faster than humans without
[11:07] being distracted only focused on the
[11:10] task they've been given what if suddenly
[11:13] HGI could do all intelligence-based jobs
[11:16] in the world from interpreting law to
[11:18] coding to creating animated YouTube
[11:20] videos better faster and much cheaper
[11:23] than humans would whoever controls this
[11:26] AGI suddenly own the economy
[11:29] and thinking bigger human progress is
[11:32] our intelligence applied to problems so
[11:35] what could a million agis
[11:37] achieve solve fundamental questions of
[11:40] science like dark energy invent new
[11:43] technology that gives us Limitless
[11:44] energy fix climate change cure aging and
[11:48] cancer but then again sadly humans apply
[11:52] their intelligence not just for the
[11:53] benefit of all what if the agis are
[11:56] tasked to guide drones or pull the
[11:58] triggers in war or to engineer a virus
[12:01] that only kills people with green eyes
[12:04] or to create the most profitable social
[12:06] media so addictive that people starve in
[12:08] front of their screens the creation of
[12:11] AGI could reasonably be as big of an
[12:13] event as taming fire or electricity and
[12:16] give whoever invents it equally as much
[12:19] power but now let's go one step further
[12:23] what if the potential of AGI doesn't
[12:25] stop here intelligence explosion
[12:29] intelligence and knowledge build and
[12:31] accelerate each other but humans are
[12:33] limited by biology and evolution once we
[12:37] evolved the right Hardware our software
[12:39] outpaced evolution by orders of
[12:41] magnitudes and within a heartbeat we
[12:43] ruled this planet but our software
[12:46] basically hasn't changed much since then
[12:48] which is why we have obesity and destroy
[12:50] the climate for short-term gains since
[12:53] AGI is software on a computer once it's
[12:56] smart enough to do AI research the rate
[12:58] of AI progress should speed up a lot and
[13:01] that results in better AI That's better
[13:04] at AI research without much human
[13:06] involvement it may even be possible that
[13:08] AI could learn how to directly improve
[13:10] itself in which case some experts fear
[13:12] this feedback loop could be incredibly
[13:15] fast maybe just months or years after
[13:18] the first self-improving hii is switched
[13:20] on maybe it would actually take decades
[13:23] we simply don't know this is all
[13:25] speculative but such an intelligence
[13:27] explosion might lead to a true
[13:29] superintelligent entity we don't know
[13:32] what such a being would look like what
[13:33] its motives or goals would be what would
[13:36] go on in its inner world we could be as
[13:39] laughably stupid to superintelligence as
[13:42] squirrels are to us unable to even
[13:45] comprehend its way of
[13:46] thinking this hypothetical scenario
[13:49] keeps many people up at night humanity
[13:52] is the only example we have of an animal
[13:55] becoming smarter than all others and we
[13:57] have not been kind to what we perceive
[14:00] as less intelligent beings AGI might be
[14:03] the last invention of humanity it's
[14:06] possible that it could become the most
[14:08] intelligent and therefore most powerful
[14:10] being on earth a God in a box that could
[14:13] exercise its power to bring unimaginable
[14:16] wealth and happiness to humans while
[14:18] securing our future or it could subvert
[14:21] civilization and bring about our end
[14:24] with Humanity unable to come up with a
[14:26] way to stop it we'll look at some of
[14:28] these potential Futures in more videos
[14:30] but for now let's wrap up the only thing
[14:33] we know for sure is that today right now
[14:36] many of the largest and richest
[14:38] companies in the world are racing to
[14:40] create ever more powerful AIS whatever
[14:43] our future is we are running towards
[14:48] it who knows how long we have until we
[14:51] must confront our AI future luckily you
[14:54] still have plenty of time to prepare for
[14:56] it if you're learning on Brilliance that
[14:58] is
[14:59] brilliant will make you a better thinker
[15:01] and Problem Solver in just minutes a day
[15:04] with thousands of bite-sized Hands-On
[15:06] lessons on just about anything you may
[15:08] be curious about including AI their
[15:11] latest course how llms work takes you
[15:14] under the hood of real language models
[15:17] it demystifies Technologies like chat
[15:19] gbt with interactive lessons on
[15:21] everything from how models build
[15:23] vocabulary to how they choose their next
[15:25] word you'll learn how to tune llms to
[15:27] produce output with exactly your desired
[15:29] tonality whether it's poetry or a cover
[15:32] letter and you'll understand why
[15:34] training is really everything by
[15:36] comparing models trained on Taylor Swift
[15:38] lyrics and the legal speech of big Tech
[15:40] terms and conditions it's an immersive
[15:42] AI Workshop allowing you to experience
[15:45] and harness the mechanics of today's
[15:46] most advanced tool we've also partnered
[15:49] with brilliant to create a series of
[15:51] lessons to take your scientific
[15:52] knowledge to the next level these
[15:54] lessons let you further explore the
[15:56] topics in our most popular videos from
[15:58] rapes and mum metabolism to climate
[16:00] science and supern noi each lesson on
[16:03] brilliant is interactive like a
[16:04] one-on-one version of a cazar video and
[16:07] you can get started Whenever Wherever
[16:10] right from whatever device you'd like to
[16:12] get handson with ktz kazak lessons and
[16:14] explore everything brilliant has to
[16:15] offer from Ai and programming to maths
[16:18] science and Beyond start your free
[16:20] 30-day trial by signing up at
[16:22] brilliant.org
[16:23] nutshell there's even an extra perk for
[16:25] courts gazar viewers anyone signing up
[16:27] through our link will get get 20% off an
[16:30] annual membership once their trial ends
[16:33] [Music]