[0:00] it may not seem like it but streaming
[0:02] high definition content on the Internet
[0:04] is a very complex problem that requires
[0:07] dozens of cutting-edge Technologies to
[0:10] work properly improvements in video
[0:12] streaming in the past few years have
[0:14] been due to many different factors most
[0:17] importantly due to the development of
[0:20] better video codecs and the increase in
[0:23] bandwidth available to the average
[0:25] consumer in today's video we will be
[0:27] looking at av1 to see how it works the
[0:31] advantages it offers and how companies
[0:33] are embracing this new codec hello
[0:36] everyone my name's Mike and here at
[0:38] sabrin we love to make and talk text so
[0:40] if that's what you're into then make
[0:41] sure to hit that subscribe button and
[0:43] notification Bell so you can stay
[0:44] updated with all our future videos so
[0:46] firstly you might be asking what is a
[0:49] codec and what does it do and why do we
[0:51] need it so let's quickly address those
[0:54] first before we start looking at what
[0:56] av1 is the main job of a video Codec is
[0:59] to to compress the video and make it
[1:02] friendly for transmitting over the
[1:03] Internet the reason we do this and not
[1:06] just stream the raw video is the files
[1:08] are just too large to give you some idea
[1:11] about raw video files a pure
[1:13] uncompressed 1080p video is around 5.6
[1:17] megabytes per frame or about 8.4
[1:20] gigabytes per one minute video so it's
[1:23] impractical to store and transmit videos
[1:26] in their uncompressed form codecs solved
[1:29] this problem by using really Advanced
[1:31] algorithms to compress the video down by
[1:33] 70 to 80 without much loss in
[1:36] perceivable video quality simply put
[1:39] transmitting video over the Internet
[1:41] would not have been possible if we
[1:43] weren't using codecs to compress them
[1:45] first not just that even the storage of
[1:48] videos on local storage devices like
[1:50] memory cards and hard drives wouldn't
[1:52] have been made possible if we simply use
[1:55] uncompressed videos all the time so av1
[1:57] is a relatively new video Codec made by
[2:00] AO media and it's meant to replace the
[2:03] older vp9 codec av1 offers significant
[2:06] advantages over the current
[2:08] well-established codex like h.264 and
[2:12] h.265 or also known as hevc av1 uses a
[2:16] process known as block based frequency
[2:18] transformation to encode video This Is
[2:21] Not A New Concept and other video codecs
[2:24] do use similar techniques av1 basically
[2:27] divides each frame of the video into
[2:30] smaller blocks comprising of pixel
[2:33] groups and then it uses Fourier
[2:35] transforms and other mathematical
[2:38] Wizardry to store that data in a way
[2:41] that can be recreated easily when needed
[2:44] so now instead of the video storing data
[2:47] about each and every pixel in that video
[2:50] only the data of the block is stored
[2:53] thus reducing the amount of data needed
[2:55] to remember that video this ultimately
[2:58] reduces the video ourselves considerably
[3:01] av1 uses super blocks of either 128 by
[3:05] 128 pixels or 64 by 64 pixels which are
[3:09] further subdivided into smaller 4x4
[3:11] pixel blocks this is then combined with
[3:14] new techniques for partitioning said
[3:16] blocks and better encoding algorithms to
[3:19] further enhance the compression the
[3:21] result is a stream of video that
[3:23] requires less bandwidth for a given
[3:26] video quality while at the same time the
[3:28] video can look better at the same bit
[3:31] rate as compared to other video codecs
[3:33] the efficiency gained with av1 means
[3:36] that this codec can support a number of
[3:38] extra features that other codecs just
[3:41] can't these include things like
[3:42] streaming HDR 4K content with a range of
[3:46] color gamuts while at the same time
[3:48] using less bandwidth av1 can also
[3:51] potentially stream 8K content even
[3:53] though there isn't a demand for that yet
[3:55] it just shows what the technology is
[3:58] capable of to put it into numbers
[4:00] according to a study done by Facebook in
[4:02] 2018 the av1 encoder achieved is 46.2
[4:06] percent better data compression as
[4:09] compared to h.264 av1 Simply offers
[4:12] higher image quality while at the same
[4:15] time using less bandwidth what's not to
[4:18] like other than better performance av1
[4:21] has another thing going for it that
[4:23] makes it the almost obvious choice for
[4:26] the next commonly used codec av1 is open
[4:29] source and doesn't require a license av1
[4:32] was developed by AO media which is short
[4:35] for the alliance for open media AO media
[4:39] is basically a Consortium of various
[4:40] technology companies ranging from AMD
[4:43] arm Intel in video Google Microsoft to
[4:47] even streaming companies like Netflix
[4:49] YouTube and Amazon codecs like h.265 and
[4:53] h.264 require licensing so in order to
[4:56] make a product with let's say hevc
[4:59] compatibility
[5:00] the company needs to acquire licensing
[5:02] from at least patent pools like velos
[5:05] media Technicolor hevc advance and MPEG
[5:09] La this makes the whole process
[5:12] complicated and expensive with av1
[5:15] there's no such restrictions as there's
[5:18] no licensing requirements as it's open
[5:21] source and royalty free anyone can just
[5:24] use it av1 encoding has already been
[5:26] made easy to the public thanks to
[5:28] companies like Intel integrating the
[5:30] technology into their newest Arc gpus
[5:33] Intel Arc is the first GPU from Intel
[5:36] and it is the first to feature this
[5:38] technology and its initial results have
[5:40] been pretty impressive for av1 av1 is
[5:43] Making Waves in the video streaming
[5:45] industry in terms of decoding nvidia's
[5:48] RTX 40 series gpus and amd's RX 6000
[5:53] series support av-1 content even older
[5:57] gaming consoles like the PS4 support
[5:59] playing AV want encoded videos this is a
[6:02] positive sign that on the consumer side
[6:05] of Video Entertainment and video
[6:06] consumption there is already support for
[6:09] this new codec Netflix has even been
[6:12] using av1 since 2020 and in fact Netflix
[6:16] was the first company to use av1 in
[6:20] production it started with select titles
[6:22] on Android devices and Netflix saw a 20
[6:25] Improvement in their compression as
[6:28] compared to the older vp9 codec since
[6:32] November of 2021 Netflix has been
[6:35] streaming content using av1 on TVs and
[6:37] devices that have hardware-based av1
[6:40] decoders YouTube have also been rolling
[6:43] out support for av1 other major players
[6:46] now support av-1 include Facebook twitch
[6:49] and Vimeo av1 offers better performance
[6:52] and frees everyone from the complexities
[6:55] of Licensing these two factors should
[6:57] make it enough to make it popular codec
[7:01] in the future it's a matter of when not
[7:04] if for av1 to reach a truly global scale
[7:07] as more and more companies see the
[7:10] benefit of using av1 over other codecs
[7:13] and we're kind of seeing it now anyway
[7:14] let me know what you think of everyone
[7:16] I'd love to hear your opinions down in
[7:19] the comments section but anyway that's
[7:22] it for today's video if you've enjoyed
[7:24] it then make sure to smash that like
[7:25] button and also hit that subscribe
[7:27] button and notification Bell so you can
[7:29] stay updated with all our future videos
[7:31] anyway thanks for watching and we'll see
[7:33] you in the next one
[7:34] bye
[7:36] [Music]
[7:43] [Music]