[0:00] video has become a huge part of our
[0:02] internet experience these days videos
[0:04] are everywhere from funny cat videos on
[0:06] facebook to this video that you're
[0:08] watching right now the only reason
[0:11] videos are so accessible and so common
[0:13] these days is because of something known
[0:15] as video compression this means turning
[0:18] one video source into a smaller one for
[0:21] either easier video transfer or for
[0:23] streaming over the internet so let's
[0:26] take a look at the two most important
[0:28] video compression standards currently in
[0:30] use these are h.264 and the newer h.265
[0:34] standards we will look into how these
[0:36] two standards work and more importantly
[0:38] how do these two video compression
[0:40] standards compare to each other whether
[0:42] you are someone who likes to upload
[0:44] nature walk videos onto the internet or
[0:47] likes to stream video games on twitch
[0:49] it's really interesting to understand
[0:51] how video compression works hello
[0:53] everyone this is mike from sabrin here
[0:56] and if you enjoy tech videos and tech
[0:57] related videos then make sure to hit
[0:59] that subscribe button and hit that
[1:01] notification bell so you get updated for
[1:03] any future videos both h.264 and h.265
[1:07] are known as codex a codec is a piece of
[1:10] software that can utilize hardware to
[1:12] code video files during their creation
[1:14] and also to decode the same type of
[1:16] video for playback in fact the word
[1:18] codec is a combination of the words code
[1:21] and decode video compression codecs can
[1:24] reduce the size of a video file by
[1:26] essentially following a series of
[1:28] program processes that allow a computer
[1:30] system that is doing the video encoding
[1:33] to squeeze the video data into smaller
[1:36] file sizes without a substantial or
[1:39] notable loss in quality in most cases
[1:42] this is done by using a combination of
[1:44] things like prediction and complex
[1:46] algorithms video compression codecs like
[1:49] h.264 and h.265 are used to compress raw
[1:52] video data that can take up a lot of
[1:54] space in your computer and then compress
[1:57] it into more smaller and more manageable
[2:00] file sizes for example let's say you
[2:02] need to compress a video of yourself
[2:03] talking to a camera with a simple static
[2:06] background like this one just here now
[2:08] the codec will determine that your
[2:10] background isn't changing that
[2:12] drastically as you're speaking so
[2:14] instead of storing all of that real-time
[2:17] information about your background the
[2:19] codec will compress your background
[2:21] information meaning that it will isolate
[2:23] you from your background and only
[2:25] keeping the data of the real-time
[2:27] changes like of me moving my hands as
[2:30] i'm speaking or for example the mouth as
[2:32] i'm talking this is because your
[2:34] background is static and there's no need
[2:36] to keep all of that information as the
[2:39] information is essentially repeating
[2:41] itself throughout the video this is
[2:42] obviously an over simplified way of
[2:45] explaining how these codecs work but you
[2:47] get the idea by using simple tricks you
[2:50] can reduce the file sizes now let's look
[2:53] at one of the most popular decompression
[2:55] codec standards out there h.264 and its
[2:58] newer and
[3:00] arguably better sibling the h.265 video
[3:02] standard h.264 is a well-known video
[3:05] compression standard for high definition
[3:07] video is also known as mpeg-4 part 10
[3:10] advanced video coding or mpeg-4 hevc for
[3:14] short h.264 is an industry standard and
[3:17] widely used in all kinds of video files
[3:20] from recording to streaming and it's not
[3:23] just used for videos and entertainment
[3:25] h.264 is also widely used for things
[3:27] like surveillance footage too h.264 is a
[3:30] block orientated compression standard it
[3:32] works by compressing frames of the video
[3:35] using a block orientated motion
[3:37] compensated based video compression
[3:39] standard those units are called macro
[3:42] blocks macro blocks typically consists
[3:45] of 16 by 16 pixel samples that can be
[3:48] subdivided into transform blocks and may
[3:52] be further subdivided into what are
[3:54] known as prediction blocks this allows
[3:56] h.264 to reduce the file size of the
[3:58] video without compromising much on video
[4:00] quality there are many video formats
[4:03] that use h.264 compression standards two
[4:06] of the most popular ones are dot mov and
[4:09] dot mp4 formats formats themselves are
[4:12] just digital file containers both of
[4:15] these formats use ht64 to compress the
[4:18] information in a video file dot mov is a
[4:21] proprietary file format that was made by
[4:23] apple to work exclusively with their
[4:25] devices and mp4 is an international
[4:28] standard for video files and a lot of
[4:30] streaming and video platforms recommend
[4:32] that you use this file format while mp4
[4:35] is more commonly used it is a more
[4:38] compressed video file format and thus
[4:40] comparing it to file formats like mov
[4:43] mp4 does have a slight worsening in
[4:46] quality h.265 on the other hand is the
[4:48] newer video compression standard and
[4:51] since it is the newer one it is also the
[4:53] better video compression standard first
[4:55] published in 2013 h.265 has yet to
[4:58] become as widely used as h.264 but it is
[5:02] catching up pretty fast according to the
[5:04] video developers report of 2019 is the
[5:07] second most commonly used video coding
[5:09] standard after h.264 h.265 is also known
[5:13] as high efficiency video coding or hevc
[5:16] for short while h.264 uses macro blocks
[5:19] h.265 processes information by using
[5:22] something called coding 3 units or ctus
[5:26] a macro block could span between 4x4 to
[5:29] 16x16 block sizes ctus on the other hand
[5:33] can process as many as 64 by 64 blocks
[5:36] giving them the ability to compress
[5:38] information more efficiently this means
[5:40] that h.265 can retain more information
[5:43] in a video after compression as compared
[5:45] to h.264 h.265 is more advanced than
[5:49] h.264 in several ways the main
[5:52] difference is that hevc allows for
[5:54] further reduction file sizes and
[5:57] therefore reduce the required bandwidth
[5:59] for your live streams or video
[6:01] recordings what this means in the real
[6:03] world is that when you're recording a
[6:05] video or streaming of a video you can
[6:08] actually stream at a much higher quality
[6:10] by using the same if not actually
[6:12] smaller file sizes than the h.264 file
[6:15] format without getting too much into
[6:17] things like bitrate and such h365 needs
[6:20] less bitrate to store the same level of
[6:22] information as compared to h.264
[6:25] basically put the higher the bitrate the
[6:27] larger the video size so real world
[6:29] example just to give you a comparison
[6:32] the required bandwidth to stream 4k
[6:34] video is around 32 megabits per second
[6:37] for h.264 for h.265 it is just under 15
[6:41] megabits per second this essentially
[6:43] means that the video can be recorded or
[6:45] streamed at half the bitrate without
[6:47] compromising on quality this also means
[6:50] that when you are recording higher
[6:53] quality video you can actually use lower
[6:55] bit rates meaning that you can record
[6:57] things like 8k video or even 6k video
[7:00] using just an sd card whereas before you
[7:03] would have had to have used more
[7:04] expensive media types in addition to
[7:07] cutting down file sizes even further
[7:09] h.265 also has much better motion
[7:12] compression and spatial prediction than
[7:15] h.264 what this means is that you can
[7:18] have a lot of stuff going on in the
[7:19] video like this or more than that really
[7:23] and you can still get away with running
[7:25] a lower bit rate previously recording at
[7:27] a lower bit rate meant that wherever
[7:29] there was a lot of motion in the video
[7:31] the quality of the video would become
[7:33] worse this was because in a video with a
[7:36] lot of movement and action going on
[7:38] there is a lot more information that
[7:40] needs to be captured but at a lower bit
[7:42] rate there is only so much bandwidth to
[7:44] go around this is why when you are
[7:46] watching a live stream of action sports
[7:48] for example and then suddenly there is a
[7:50] lot of action on stream it looks like
[7:52] the video quality has got worse almost
[7:55] immediately with h.265 compression
[7:57] standards this video would actually
[7:59] perform much better so you might ask if
[8:02] h.265 is so great and it's been around
[8:05] for almost eight years why is h.264
[8:08] still more widely used around the world
[8:10] well the answer is pretty simple h.265
[8:14] requires significantly more computing
[8:16] power when the video is viewed edited
[8:18] and even played back the fact is is that
[8:21] this is a huge barrier to entry for a
[8:24] lot of people and industries however we
[8:26] are seeing more and more devices with
[8:29] special h.265 encoders and decoder chips
[8:32] to handle this kind of codec meaning
[8:34] that processors can basically be less
[8:36] powerful making it easier and cheaper to
[8:39] implement h.265 encoding and decoding
[8:42] just a decade ago you would have had to
[8:43] take out a loan to get your hands on a
[8:45] 4k camera and a tv to play on but today
[8:49] almost every phone has the ability to
[8:51] record and play back this footage and it
[8:53] won't be long until 6 and 8k video will
[8:56] become the norm with h.265 as well
[8:58] becoming the norm but that's it for
[9:00] today's video if you've enjoyed it then
[9:02] please make sure to hit that like button
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[9:05] that subscribe button and notification
[9:07] bell so you stay updated on all our
[9:09] future videos anyway we'll see you in
[9:11] the next one
[9:12] bye
[9:20] [Music]
[9:26] you