[0:05] Today I'm going to show you how to drive a 
manual car. We'll have a look at how to move off,
[0:12] stop, how to change gear and when, plus clutch 
control and hill starts. Let's get started by   looking at how to get the car moving off and how 
to stop. So we've got three pedals. This one is   the accelerator. Your instructor will probably 
call this the gas pedal as it's easier and quicker   to say. Use your right foot for this one. The foot 
brake is in the middle, again use your right foot.   You can position your right foot between 
these two pedals and pivot on your heel
[0:47] so you can find the pedals quickly and as they're 
sensitive making sure you're not stamping on them.
[0:54] The clutch pedal is on the left. Use your 
left foot for this one. You should be able   to press the clutch all the way down without 
stretching but you also don't want to be too   cramped up to it. Let me demonstrate how 
and when to use these controls to get the   car moving off and stopping. Before starting the 
car, for safety, make sure the car is in neutral.   You can check by moving the gear lever left 
or right. It should feel springy. If it's in
[1:20] gear then it won't move much side to side. 
We'll talk more about the gears a bit later.   Also, make sure the parking brake is 
on. It should be up rather than down.   To start the car, hold the clutch all the way 
down to the floor and in this modern car I'll   just press the start button. If I didn't press 
the clutch, this modern car wouldn't start.
[1:43] If you're driving a car with a key then turn 
it just one click until these dashboard warning   lights come on. The ignition is now on, which 
basically means the electrics are now working.   Press the clutch down to the floor, turn the key 
and hold it until the car starts then let go of   the key. You can also release the clutch now. This 
warning light means that the parking brake is on,   which at the moment is a good thing as I don't 
want the car to possibly start rolling away.
[2:13] To move off, I'll press the clutch 
fully down and select first gear.   To select first, I need to follow 
this diagram on top of the gear lever.   The letter R is for reverse gear and it can 
be in a different place depending on the car.   I have to lift a metal collar to select reverse so 
I won't be able to put it in reverse by accident.
[2:35] Memorise this diagram in your car and remember 
where the gears are because when you're driving,   looking down at it will be distracting. At 
the moment it's in neutral which means it's   not in any gear. This point here is neutral. 
To select first gear, I need to push it to the   left and then forward to first. Having your 
palm facing to the left will make it easier.
[3:03] Now I need to set the gas. This is a 
sensitive pedal and you only need to   press it slightly about the thickness of 
a pound coin to get the revs between one   and one and a half, but you 
don't need to be precise.
[3:18] Then hold your foot still. You might overdo 
it at first but you will get used to it.
[3:27] You would need to give it a bit more gas if you 
was moving off uphill or no gas if you're moving   off downhill. With practice, you'll get used 
to the sound of the engine, which means that   you won't have to look at the rev counter. Now 
I need to raise the clutch to the biting point.   Slowly bring the clutch up until you 
feel the back of the car dip slightly,   the front raises slightly too and the 
engine sound changes. Now keep your
[3:52] feet still. This is the car wanting to go 
forward and the only thing holding it back   is the parking brake. I'll press the clutch 
back down and find the biting point again.
[4:04] I'll do it again.
[4:11] The first part of raising the 
clutch doesn't do anything   but then you'll feel the 
back of the car dip a little.
[4:20] If I raise the clutch too high then the car 
really wants to go a bit too much and it can   overpower the parking brake, move off quickly or 
stall. You only want to feel the back of the car   dip a little. Lower the clutch down slightly 
if it does try and move off too much or push   the clutch all the way down and start again for 
the practice. Once you've found the biting point   you can rest the heel of your foot on the 
floor as it can help you have more control.
[4:50] Now I need to make sure it's safe 
to move off by checking all the   mirrors and the blind spot over my 
right shoulder. Signal if it would   benefit anyone and there's someone behind 
in a parked car so I'll signal for them.   Keeping my feet still is really important. I've 
got the gas set and biting point. Double checking   the mirrors and blind spot. Still safe, so I just 
need to release the parking brake. You won't be
[5:13] able to release it just by pressing the button. 
Instead, pull the parking brake up slightly and   press the button at the same time. Fully lower 
the parking brake down, then let go of the button.   It's important to keep your feet still for about 
three seconds as the car begins to move, until   you're moving faster than a walking pace and then 
slowly raise the clutch with a little more gas.
[5:36] If you release the clutch too soon then it could 
stall. Now you can release the gas pedal to slow   down or press it slightly to increase speed. 
The gas pedal is so sensitive. Now the car   will continue to go even if you don't press the 
gas, it will just move very slowly in first gear.
[5:56] I'm now going to pull up on the left in a safe, 
convenient and legal place without stalling. I'll   check the interior and left mirror, signal if 
it benefits anyone. I'm off the gas pedal and   my feet are ready with the brake and clutch. Now 
I'll press the clutch and gently brake to stop.
[6:17] Keeping both feet on the brake and clutch, parking 
brake on by pressing the button, pulling it up   and then releasing the button. The parking brake 
should hold the car and prevent it from rolling   away. Select neutral by moving the gear lever down 
slightly so it springs to this central position.   You can check it's in neutral by moving the gear 
lever left and right and it should move freely.   If you don't select neutral and release the 
clutch then the car will jerk forward and stall.
[6:46] Now you can release the pedals and cancel 
the signal if it's been on and that's how   you move off and stop in a manual car. 
We're now going to have a look at how to   change gear and a bit later I'll show you 
when to change gear. Off gas, clutch down,   change gear, clutch up gently all the way and 
back on the gas pedal. At the moment the gear   lever is in neutral. It's just below third and 
above fourth. If I move it left or right the
[7:19] gear lever springs back to neutral. This will 
be important to remember when changing gear.
[7:24] It's well worth practising while you're 
stationary and the engine is off to get used   to where each gear is. After a bit of practice, 
try changing gear without looking down at it.
[7:37] Let's go through all the gears. Neutral to first. 
Palm facing away from you, push left and forward.
[7:44] When you change from first to second have slight   pressure to the left on the gear lever 
to prevent it from going into fourth.
[7:54] Don't forget the spring is 
trying to move it back to neutral   which you don't want right now. Having your 
palm facing to the left will make it easier.
[8:04] Second to third. Palm facing to the right, push 
the gear lever forward slightly, let it spring to   neutral and then forward to third. Don't grip the 
gear lever too tightly. Push forward, gently allow   it to spring to neutral and then forward to third. 
Your hand position makes it easier to change gear.
[8:23] Straight back for fourth. Push forward slightly 
to neutral to the right and forward to fifth gear.
[8:31] To change to sixth, have slight pressure to 
the right as you move it back to the right.
[8:38] Changing down to fifth, slight pressure to 
the right and forward to fifth. Back slightly,   let it spring to neutral and straight back to 
forth. Push straight forward for third. To make   the next gear change easier, position your hand 
so that your palm is facing left away from you,   have slight pressure to the left as you move it 
back a little to neutral, then left and back for   second. Push to the left and forward for first. 
Push back slightly to let it spring to neutral.
[9:10] Now you know how to change gear, let's have 
a look at when to change gear. When to change   gear can vary depending on the car, whether 
you're driving up or downhill or a flat road   and also how much weight is in your car. As 
a general rule, when your car increases speed   you'll also have to change up through the gears as 
you can only get so much speed out of each gear.   It's not precise, but depending on how fast 
you want to accelerate, in this car on a flat
[9:39] road you change up to second gear roughly at 
about 10 miles per hour. Again, depending on   how fast you want to accelerate, change up 
to third gear at about 20 miles per hour.
[9:51] But don't forget it's not precise and it's 
best to get used to the sound of the engine   rather than looking at the dials. When 
the engine gets louder and sounds like   it's working a bit too hard, change gear. 
The louder it gets, the more fuel it uses.
[10:13] The lower gears provide the most pulling power,   so if you're joining a fast, busy road 
or a motorway for example and need more   acceleration then you'll probably change 
gear later at slightly faster speeds.
[10:29] But don't accelerate for too long or 
too harshly or you could lose control,   use more fuel and it could be bad for 
your engine. When driving up steep hills,   you should build up momentum and change up gear 
at a higher speed than you would on a flat road.   If you don't, then gravity will slow the 
car down quickly and make it struggle.   You'd normally move off in first gear 
as it provides the most pulling power,
[10:58] also for speeds below 10 miles per hour 
and driving up or down very steep hills.
[11:07] It's easier to manoeuvre the 
car in low gears at slow speeds.
[11:18] But you can't drive very fast in 
first. Whereas sixth gear provides   the fastest speeds but the least pulling power.
[11:27] Try moving off in a high gear and the car will 
stall and you'll have to restart the engine.
[11:37] You'd normally change to a lower 
gear after you've slowed down.
[11:43] As a rough guide, if you've reduced your speed 
below 20 miles per hour you will need second and   if you've slowed down to a walking speed you'll 
need first. But never force the gear lever.
[12:01] You'll also have to change to a lower gear 
if you need more power from the engine.   For example, if you're driving up a steep hill and 
the car isn't responding to you pressing the gas,   making a low rumbling sound then change down.
[12:18] You can also change to a lower gear if you 
need extra acceleration to overtake safely.
[12:24] Driving in low gears when going down 
steep hills keeps the car slower and   you don't have to brake as much than if you 
were in a higher gear. This is called engine   braking. I'll change up to third and you 
can see how much it increases the speed.
[12:46] There's certain situations where you can block 
gear change, which is basically skipping gears.   You don't have to change third to second 
to first but change straight to first.
[12:59] For example, you can slow down in third gear 
below 10 miles per hour and change straight   to first gear. Slow down to the speed you 
need, then change to an appropriate gear.
[13:13] You can stop in any gear but 
remember to move off in first.
[13:18] To help you, let's move off again and I'll talk 
you through some gear changes. So clutch down,
[13:24] select first, set the gas, find 
the biting point, feet still,
[13:33] check mirrors, blind spot, check over my right 
shoulder, signal if necessary, parking brake down,   feet still for a couple of seconds, cancel 
the signal, slowly raise the clutch with a   bit more gas. Already at this speed the car wants 
second gear, it even tells me on the dashboard.
[13:55] To change gear, off gas, clutch down, change 
to second gear, clutch up gently all the way   and back on the gas pedal. As I build up 
speed, the engine starts to get noisy again   and it sounds like it's working too hard 
so I'll have to change up to third gear.   Off gas, clutch down, change to third, clutch up 
gently and back on the gas pedal. Pulling up on   the left. Check mirrors, signal if anyone would 
benefit, off gas, light braking then clutch down.
[14:31] Feet still. Parking brake on, neutral, come off 
the pedals and cancel the signal. To change from   third to neutral, just move the gear lever back 
slightly, but don't move it too hard or you'll   select fourth. On your first driving lessons you 
might feel that you always have to press a pedal   when you're driving or maybe the car will stall. 
Well let's try it out and not press any pedals.
[14:57] A modern car will carry on going even 
if you don't press the gas. In this car,   in third gear, the speed drops to about 
15 miles per hour and stays there.
[15:09] I'll change down to second.
[15:16] In second, it stays at about 9 miles 
per hour without me pressing anything.
[15:21] Let's try first gear.
[15:26] In first gear it slows down to about 5 miles 
per hour. Now if I try and drive slower,
[15:32] the car starts to judder 
and now it's about to stall.
[15:39] To drive slower than 5 miles per hour 
I'll have to press the clutch down.
[15:44] To creep forward, a little gas and 
raise the clutch to the biting point.
[15:50] Lower the clutch about the thickness of a pound 
coin to slow down or raise it slightly to increase   the speed. This is clutch control. Raise the 
clutch all the way with gas to speed up more.   You'll be using clutch control anytime you 
want to drive roughly between nought to five   miles per hour. For example in slow-moving, 
stop-start traffic. Creeping out of junctions.
[16:17] When you're slowly manoeuvring the car.
[16:21] At the moment the clutch is controlling the 
speed and the gas helps the car not stall. When   you want to drive faster than 5 miles per hour, 
a little more gas and slowly raise the clutch.
[16:35] Sooner or later you're going to come across 
some hills. Big ones and smaller ones like this.
[16:44] The car can roll back if you're too slow 
setting the gas and finding the biting point.
[16:54] The easiest way to deal with an uphill 
start is applying the parking brake   and then setting the gas and 
finding the biting point.
[17:02] Without the gas the car could stall and without 
the biting point then you'll probably roll back.
[17:14] When you get more confident, you'll be able to set   the gas and find the biting point 
quickly before the car rolls back.
[17:25] Although I'd always recommend using 
the parking brake when moving off on   a steep uphill as you can then 
set the gas and find the biting   point and there's definitely less 
chance of stalling or rolling back.
[17:39] You will need to set the gas a little more 
when moving off on an uphill so that the   car doesn't stall. Revs up to about 
two on this steep hill. When you get   the biting point the revs try and drop down 
so give it a bit more gas as you move away.
[17:59] But using the parking brake 
doesn't have to delay you.
[18:08] Moving   off downhill is a bit simpler. No gas or biting 
point needed as gravity will make the car move,   unless you want to move off a bit faster. You 
could move off in second gear depending on how   steep it is. Foot brake ready in case it moves 
off a bit too quick. Make sure it's safe, signal   if necessary, release the parking brake, gradually 
bring the clutch up and a little gas if necessary.
[18:38] Learn how to change gears smoothly 
by watching this video next. Thanks   a lot for watching. If it helped 
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As always, keep safe on the road and bye for now!