Mantracks: a True Story of Fake Fossils

[00:00] It’s November 1938. Roland Thaxter 

[00:04] display window of an Indian Trading 

[00:08] Roland works for the Department of Vertebrate 

[00:12] Natural History in New York City, but such a 

[00:19] Just a few years earlier, Roland was 

[00:22] living out of a compact trailer hitched 

[00:26] Despite a sharp mind, childhood illness 

[00:31] had delivered Roland few prospects until 

[00:36] that would land him in the office of the most 

[00:41] Now in his 60s, Barnum was, in a way, 

[00:46] understood not as a paleontologist as we 

[00:51] fossil between Victorian-era treasure hunters 

[00:57] care to document a lot of his work, he was 

[01:03] He had spent decades wandering America trading 

[01:08] Alberta’s Red Deer River, stopping to 

[01:12] And as paleontology matured, the image 

[01:16] massive fur coat just felt, even by 1930, 

[01:22] Paleontology was no longer staffed by fossil 

[01:29] Barnum looked at Roland, and saw a fossil 

[01:33] identify safe drinking water. Someone that Barnum 

[01:40] Barnum offered Roland a job on the spot, and 

[01:44] As Roland described it, Barnum Brown’s tutorage 

[01:50] So after several years of shadowing Barnum, 

[01:55] mission. Barnum had given him a stack of loose 

[02:01] virgin territory, trading out Roland’s motorcycle 

[02:08] Roland was desperate to make this chance count. 

[02:14] anything, that he could drop on 

[02:17] idol. And after several months out in 

[02:23] He now found himself in Gallup, New Mexico, 

[02:27] donated to the Museum. One last odd job 

[02:32] While making conversation, a local resident told 

[02:37] [RESIDENT] “Got some o’ the damnedest tracks in  

[02:39] stone ever I seen. Look like they was 

[02:44] Out here, Roland was always hearing 

[02:48] locals all had some spectacular story they 

[02:53] first. The footprints of the twelve foot man 

[02:58] The weather that night had taken a 

[03:02] was looking through the showcase 

[03:05] What he hoped to be looking at was an ancient 

[03:10] by snow, Roland couldn’t make anything 

[03:14] by the window for too long, for fear of 

[03:19] on and making a second “casual” pass, 

[03:24] As he approached the slabs, Roland was 

[03:29] onto separate slabs, it was now impossible to 

[03:33] make Roland’s job harder, and ultimately 

[03:38] However any anxiety about scientific 

[03:43] [STORE CLERK]

[03:44] have you ever seen anything 

[03:49] [ROLAND BIRD]

[03:50] Jack Hill has found himself 

[03:54] Instead of bear prints, or fossils of any kind,  

[03:57] someone had taken these rocks and chiseled 

[04:02] Why? Who cares? For the fun of it perhaps. To scam  

[04:05] a gullible traveller maybe. It didn’t much 

[04:11] [ROLAND BIRD]

[04:11] these things out of stone to fool people?”

[04:14] [STORE CLERK]

[04:14] about ‘em. All I know: they come from Glen Rose,  

[04:17] Texas. Mr. Hill brought them west a couple 

[04:22] Dinosaur footprints… Now that’s interesting. 

[04:27] encountered fake dinosaur footprints 

[04:32] obvious grift. But regardless, if the prints 

[04:37] after all. And if they’re also carvings, 

[04:42] The dinosaur prints were at Jack 

[04:46] what is now a 20 minute drive away.

[04:48] Roland drove out into the snowy night to 

[04:53] arrived at the store, he found 

[04:57] Don’t misunderstand, they were also obvious 

[05:03] absolutely perfect. The human footprints 

[05:08] guess at what a human footprint would look 

[05:13] story. They were so good that the creator 

[05:19] That morning, Roland consulted his 

[05:23] Glen Rose. The geologic map suggested a 

[05:28] And no one was waiting for him back in New York. 

[05:31] Screw it.

[05:33] Roland hit the road

[05:35] [FOLK MUSIC] Oh river Paluxy, revealer of history. 

[05:48] Both man and dinosaur roamed on your ancient 

[06:03] During the Lower Cretaceous, 

[06:06] shallow continental shelf that 

[06:11] We know this in part because 

[06:15] on. Calcium carbonate, or just lime, is secreted 

[06:16] like coral, shrimp and so on which 

[06:24] So while this area was often under water, it 

[06:30] and the lime mud was an ideal surface 

[06:34] But what’s unique about this formation is 

[06:39] other forms of sediments, coating 

[06:43] that would fill in these footprints, 

[06:48] So as time went on and the sediment was 

[06:53] limestone while the silt developed into clay marl.

[06:57] Millions of years later, what we’re left with is 

[07:03] 20-feet deep, with alternating layers of 

[07:09] And this river, the Paluxy, has 

[07:12] through the rock - exposing some of the most 

[07:20] Upon arriving in Glen Rose,  

[07:21] lacking a plan, Roland Bird heads to the 

[07:25] As he approaches it, he catches a familiar 

[07:28] He spots that.

[07:32] [ROLAND BIRD]

[07:33] and there was no doubt that it was genuine. It 

[07:38] made by a three-toed carnivore in mud which had 

[07:43] slab of such prints alone would be a 

[07:48] A fine addition to any museum 

[07:51] being used as masonry. Because as it 

[07:54] think that much of it. Apparently there were 

[07:59] After asking around, Bird was given 

[08:03] was known to chisel these footprints 

[08:06] them to anyone who’d pay. If anyone 

[08:11] RYALS

[08:13] Don’t put much food on the table, but then… what 

[08:20] is cuttin’ cedar posts, bootlegging’ and quarryin’ 

[08:26] hard work. Cuttin’ out dino tracks is 

[08:32] The two met and Ryals agreed to show 

[08:35] months removed from the dry season, most of the 

[08:40] but James still managed to show Roland some of 

[08:45] Then, in conversation, Roland alluded 

[08:49] in Jack Hill’s store. Ryals immediately perked up.

[08:54] RYALS

[08:58] Let’s talk about footprints for a bit

[09:00] Looking again at those carved 

[09:03] they resemble a human foot 

[09:07] On hard surfaces, your footprint won’t be a 

[09:12] a reflection of what parts of your foot were 

[09:18] So your big toe, which you rely on 

[09:22] and has a visible connection to the ball 

[09:26] who are freeloaders, curl up and only 

[09:31] In mud, your foot will sink further into the 

[09:38] will retain those anatomical details. And the 

[09:43] the shape of the foot. For instance, your 

[09:47] of the toe will dig into the mud, creating 

[09:53] Even if we ignore their obviously giant size,  

[09:56] the slabs from Gallup have numerous 

[10:01] The toes are far too long. The big 

[10:06] is far too deep. The ball of the foot 

[10:10] is too narrow. These errors compound 

[10:14] shape. The arch is disproportionate and 

[10:19] It’s just, it’s plainly awful. As Laurie 

[10:24] put it: the creator was clearly using the top of 

[10:30] The sculptor made the print extremely detailed 

[10:36] but in that detail gives us the 

[10:41] James Ryals’ invocation of “man tracks” was 

[10:46] Ryals led Roland on a brief walk,  

[10:48] stopping to show him the pits where he had 

[10:52] Stopping at a shallow hole 

[10:54] Ryals sloshed his shovel back and forth to stir 

[11:00] The water revealed an ill-defined, oblong print, 

[11:06] mud that had collapsed before it was preserved. 

[11:12] This got Ryals talking about all the 

[11:16] all the tracks that had been 

[11:19] RYALS

[11:21] there used to be some fine things under [those 

[11:25] ROLAND

[11:27] RYALS

[11:28] was rounded-like. Others was bigger and longer.”

[11:32] RYALS spreads his arms to 

[11:33] ROLAND

[11:35] RYALS

[11:39] James Ryals is describing sauropod footprints.

[11:43] Roland fought to keep himself calm. These 

[11:48] a valuable find but common as far as fossilized 

[11:54] were a whole different ball game. The 

[11:59] were vague and undefined. If Roland could 

[12:05] That was the fantasy, but the realistic 

[12:09] a high quality run of three-toed dinosaur 

[12:14] it would be a valuable addition 

[12:17] Over the next few days, Roland 

[12:20] shovel and broom. He found a run with 

[12:24] preserved the curl in the dinosaur’s claw. 

[12:29] Roland cleaned the prints,  

[12:30] got his photos and did his documentation. 

[12:35] But Barnum had a rule: Always dig three 

[12:41] So Roland wandered along the river, digging 

[12:45] He soon found himself standing 

[12:48] on the ledge running above the river. It 

[12:53] but there was something odd 

[12:56] shoveling dirt into the stream, until his plate 

[13:01] Clearing the dirt Roland was 

[13:05] sauropod footprint. The right hind foot.

[13:08] But as we already know, a footprint is one thing 

[13:14] As it turns out, Bird didn’t find 

[13:18] demonstrating the necessary four toes, each 

[13:24] These sauropod tracks were 

[13:27] but they were already exposed and 

[13:31] may be, their true value was as evidence of 

[13:36] So Roland took a cast of the right hind foot,  

[13:39] and returned to New York, trophy 

[13:44] to quarry a trail of sauropod tracks for display 

[13:49] Roland would get the opportunity 

[13:51] from the carvings in Gallup to the 

[13:55] Ryals to his sauropod discovery, in an 

[14:01] It was from this area right behind 

[14:06] a hundred feet of trackway in 

[14:10] on display to this day in the Museum of 

[14:20] James Ryals did not have an easy life. A father 

[14:25] enough food on the table. But James was a farmer 

[14:31] Agriculture was historically the 

[14:35] the region wasn’t great for agriculture. A 

[14:40] and completely unorganised flood 

[14:44] sending the county’s agriculture into 

[14:48] By the Great Depression, it wasn’t enough 

[14:52] to earn more money, and he opted 

[14:56] the Paluxy River bed to sell to whoever would pay.

[15:00] So, after the chores were finished 

[15:03] Cecil would head down to the river. Wielding a 

[15:08] and an 8 pound sledge hammer, the two would 

[15:13] she would swing the hammer. 

[15:15] the trace fossil could take between a few hours 

[15:21] A dinosaur footprint could 

[15:25] Dinosaur tracks in the Paluxy River were 

[15:30] year-old boy named George Adams discovered 

[15:35] And he had skipped school that day 

[15:38] and he decided to go exploring in 

[15:44] at the time he didn’t know it, a 

[15:47] I’m the curator of the Somervale county 

[15:52] And so I guess he had to go back the next 

[15:56] the teacher, went out either that day or 

[16:00] track”. So we give George Adams the credit for 

[16:05] He drew the shape on the school blackboard, and 

[16:06] This story made the local papers, and drew in a 

[16:11] That same year, George’s brother, 

[16:14] was walking the river with a 15 year-old named 

[16:19] series of elongated tracks in the river bed, 

[16:24] Ernest declares them to be “giant man tracks”,  

[16:27] and goes so far as to name his new species 

[16:34] With the benefit of a century of hindsight,  

[16:36] it’s hard to ignore the circumstances 

[16:40] Ernest is a man of local legend. To 

[16:46] “Ernest T. "Bull" Adams was the first-ever 

[16:51] but he spent most of his adult years on 

[16:55] he unearthed clues about the earliest 

[16:59] lawyer and apt public official, yet 

[17:02] his professional career to representing the 

[17:07] prowess that earned him his nickname, this 

[17:12] youngsters from his hometown in Glen Rose, TX, 

[17:19] This paints the picture of a man dedicated 

[17:23] if not the entire state of Texas. 

[17:26] To be blunt, it’s really easy to imagine 

[17:29] 9 year old brother’s discovery, and 

[17:34] Regardless of Ernest’s motivations, this 

[17:38] something of a local myth: Yes sir, our 

[17:43] did you know he discovered giant human 

[17:47] Tall tales like this were a dime a dozen out West. 

[17:53] dynamics and a lot of boredom. So when something 

[17:59] Human footprints in the river bed didn’t just 

[18:05] The myth was aided by the fact that these 

[18:10] Neither of these trails were ever documented, and 

[18:16] Prior to the 1940s, Texas had no unified plan for 

[18:23] measures as they saw fit, and the unorganised 

[18:28] Flooding on the Paluxy River was severe 

[18:32] the river bed, destroying any tracks 

[18:36] dumping it into massive piles of stone slabs.

[18:39] At some point in the 1930s, 

[18:42] a now adult George Adams looked upon one 

[18:48] While James Ryals toiled under the hot 

[18:52] out of a riverbed, George blazed his own trail.

[18:55] He picked a good slab out of a pile, preferably 

[19:00] took it to a shady tree, and sat beneath 

[19:04] slab. It was easier work for a higher quality 

[19:10] Upon completing the carving, he would 

[19:13] to dull the chisel marks, before covering the slab  

[19:15] in manure for several days to give the 

[19:20] These dinosaur tracks sold on loose slabs were 

[19:25] and it’s impossible to know precisely how 

[19:30] weren’t great acts of deception, the slabs 

[19:35] typically ending up as garden ornaments.

[19:37] And look, this was Glen Rose in the Great 

[19:42] to California could afford to part ways with 

[19:48] that money was better off 

[19:51] Many residents may have 

[19:54] but what made George noteworthy wasn’t 

[19:59] You had the classic tridactyl prints 

[20:03] he also carved tracks of the saber 

[20:06] a giant human footprint matching the 

[20:11] But the giant man tracks weren’t 

[20:15] typically going for around half the price. 

[20:19] less interesting than dinosaurs, or because 

[20:24] But it was one of these sets of man tracks that 

[20:28] New Mexico, where they were presented as 

[20:33] they would be encountered by an assistant 

[20:38] If it weren’t for that encounter and Roland 

[20:41] Natural History article, these slabs would 

[20:47] But within Glen Rose, the story is remembered. 

[20:52] who sold a few carved footprints 

[20:56] We only know of him because his family and 

[21:01] And sometimes, those stories get a little 

[21:05] they become exaggerated in the 

[21:09] facts alone can’t convey how much 

[21:14] So while Ernest Adams certainly did not discover 

[21:19] the story offers countless insights into 

[21:24] history that is both unimportant and invaluable.

[21:28] So let’s just take a second to appreciate 

[21:32] Ernest’s daughter, recount her father’s life. 

[21:35] "His most outstanding contribution, however, was 

[21:40] tracks in the same geologic strata in the 

[21:46] account of creation as stated in Genesis… This 

[21:52] which claims that the dinosaur was extinct for 

[21:59] Sorry, what was that about Genesis?

[22:06] Have you ever noticed how creationists 

[22:10] that the discovery of dinosaurs would 

[22:14] out huge portions of the Bible and sending 

[22:20] But as it turns out, when dinosaurs 

[22:24] denominations were extremely cool with them.

[22:27] As early as 1902, the Seventh-Day Adventist 

[22:33] articles and essays on the subject 

[22:37] theological implications but also 

[22:42] This niche was spearheaded by a 

[22:46] a devoted Adventist who loved himself 

[22:51] unthreatened by dinosaurs - he argued that 

[22:57] We’re finding the buried remains of 

[23:00] inhabit the world. What could have caused it? 

[23:03] Well, it’s obvious - The Genesis 

[23:08] Price would develop this thought, resulting 

[23:13] the geology of the Earth as it exists 

[23:18] canyons, soil composition, the whole 

[23:24] a paradigm where geology has two 

[23:30] It follows that all fossilised organisms 

[23:34] flood. This theory necessitates that all 

[23:39] the same extinction event, and they 

[23:43] pre-flood. That means that dinosaurs must 

[23:51] The point of this theory is to provide support 

[23:56] while it’s not a necessary component of 

[24:00] tenets is that the Earth is only about six to ten 

[24:07] And as of 1940, all of this 

[24:12] evangelical circles of the early 20th 

[24:18] But one of the few people who did believe in 

[24:25] A geologist from Tuscon, Arizona, at first 

[24:30] standard crank or quack from this era. He 

[24:35] he was most comfortable applying his 

[24:39] and like a quack doctor, you trusted 

[24:44] But despite seeming like a perfect fit 

[24:48] he differs in one essential aspect: Clifford 

[24:56] [LEONARD NEMOY] Dr. Clifford Burdick 

[25:00] He failed to locate Noah’s Ark, but his 

[25:06] Burdick was an advocate of flood geology, yet he 

[25:12] enemy by the sheer force of his passionate 

[25:19] convinced in his erroneous beliefs, that even 

[25:26] Trusting Burdick on anything 

[25:31] Okay, so, for our purposes Burdick comes onto 

[25:36] what kind of guy he was, just the way in which 

[25:44] wanted to believe, let’s skip ahead for a minute 

[25:51] In 1971, a man named Lin Ottinger 

[25:56] skeletons in the Keystone Azurite 

[26:01] archaeologist John Marwitt was brought 

[26:06] The remains were found in loose blowsand, 

[26:10] the hard sandstone around 

[26:14] this was unquestionably a Native American 

[26:20] But Marwitt was accompanied by a freelance 

[26:24] discovery in the local newspaper, putting a 

[26:30] You know how this goes: because the bones 

[26:35] the bones were 100 million years 

[26:39] Clifford Burdick read this news report and 

[26:46] on the claims of Barnes and Ottinger, distorting 

[26:51] were fossilised human remains found within 

[26:58] Burdick pushed this claim for over a decade,  

[27:01] making the Moab Skeleton a very big deal to 

[27:07] Ottinger began showcasing the bones 

[27:11] it was the star attraction of the Bible-Science 

[27:18] Despite Marwitt’s dating of the skeleton 

[27:23] willing to pay ten-thousand 

[27:27] It probably lost some value after 

[27:32] dating on a sample and confirmed that the 

[27:39] You could say he got… boned by 

[27:45] But before all that, in 1943, Burdick was a member  

[27:49] of the Deluge Geology Society in Los 

[27:54] establishing an organisation that 

[27:58] Burdick is assigned to a team focused on finding 

[28:04] Flood geology has countless bugbears, but its two 

[28:10] and the concept of evolution. If humans could 

[28:16] then evolution as we know it is cooked, and it 

[28:21] Clifford and his friends took an interest 

[28:25] wanted to see Ryals’ “man track” from 

[28:29] and conduct a legitimate excavation of the 

[28:33] After years of failing to raise funds, the project 

[28:39] forget. He ventured out solo to conduct his own 

[28:45] Burdick was seemingly able to trace the carved 

[28:50] the operator of a roadside museum in 

[28:55] Burdick became convinced that the 

[28:59] tracks were the same “man-like 

[29:04] This would cause Burdick to fixate on Man Tracks,  

[29:07] making numerous sporadic trips to 

[29:11] In 1950, Burdick would publish an 

[29:15] he made his ultimate argument: humans did 

[29:22] “Not only has man decreased in stature”

Wait,  

[29:25] what does Burdick sound like?

[BURDICK] 

[29:29] kinda surprised about what we did find that 

[29:36] Okay then.

[29:36] [BURDICK]
“Not only has man decreased in stature 

[29:41] tall, to an average today of less than six feet, 

[29:47] centuries to little more than half a century. 

[29:54] Burdick claims that Roland saw so many human 

[29:59] existence.” But, wouldn’t you know it, the 

[30:04] He took this rhetoric further in 1955 

[30:09] distorts Roland’s account to an extent 

[30:13] wouldn’t dare to try today. Burdick combines, 

[30:18] portions of the Natural History article 

[30:23] Motion graphic highlighting the 

[30:23] [“ROLAND T BIRD”]

[30:24] an entirely new light, even the possibility of 

[30:30] incredible.. . . The surroundings were lower 

[30:34] 120,000,000 years old—very definitely the age 

[30:40] in my first conclusions? I am afraid Mr. Hill 

[30:46] As Burdick tells it, Roland saw the man 

[30:50] so terrified by the significance of 

[30:54] for Darwinian evolution, that he raced to 

[31:00] Then, Ryals’ mystery footprint was so perfect 

[31:05] crisis. His ‘dogmatic’ belief in evolution 

[31:11] it was easier to deny, deny, deny than 

[31:17] Bird would be made aware of these articles, and 

[31:22] he ultimately viewed it as harmless. Signs of the  

[31:25] Times was a niche Adventist newspaper 

[31:29] But Clifford Budick had just 

[31:33] [BURDICK] We did find many evidences, we were 

[31:38] supported the theory that there was an ark. And 

[31:43] at one time. And this is one of the evidences. 

[31:48] feet, which indicate that the water was much 

[31:53] In 1961, seminarian John C. Whitcomb 

[31:58] M. Morris released their landmark 

[32:03] In the book, Whitcomb and Morris 

[32:06] for flood geology and young-earth creationism.

[32:09] By this point in the 1960s, there 

[32:13] evangelical scientists trying to reconcile 

[32:18] which was itself built on hundreds of years 

[32:24] In the mainstream this manifested in a 

[32:29] a school of thought which allowed 

[32:33] complicated and nuanced collection of ancient 

[32:39] A great example is Day-Age Theory,  

[32:42] which argued that the days in Genesis were 

[32:47] or even billions of years. This allowed for 

[32:53] evangelicals who could accept the true age of 

[32:58] But flood geology is a product of a Christian 

[33:05] does not permit something like Day-Age Theory. 

[33:10] earth was created in six literal 24-hour days. And 

[33:18] Young-earth creationists had, by 1960, 

[33:23] make a convincing scientific argument 

[33:27] really an exaggeration to say they 

[33:31] The thing is that this entire subject 

[33:36] god-fearing natural philosophers and 

[33:41] seriously in the 17 and 1800s. The idea 

[33:47] artefacts left behind by Noah’s flood 

[33:52] The Biblical account of creation was by 

[33:57] other theories were competing against, and it 

[34:04] two hundred years as the evidence across dozens of 

[34:11] Saying that George McCready Price developed 

[34:16] and Morris then ran with is not strictly 

[34:22] would be to say that by being a combination 

[34:27] had already been done by his own predecessors, 

[34:35] And The Genesis Flood is no different. It is 

[34:41] motivated reasoning. Neither Morris nor 

[34:45] which causes some problems in their 

[34:50] The resulting work was so poor, so misleading,  

[34:53] that it prompted an 11,000 word response 

[35:00] “It is almost incredible that such 

[35:03] enormous amount of work and money, has been 

[35:07] But despite his scathing 

[35:10] his foundational critique 

[35:14] “The most tragic aspect of the 

[35:18] to me that his standpoint 

[35:20] so that he must somehow live in fear of 

[35:25] because indeed this development could then also 

[35:30] This alludes to a cognitive dissonance within 

[35:35] anxious in the technological and social turmoil 

[35:41] unofficial but otherwise functional position 

[35:46] like Jim Crow, tenuously justified by appeals to 

[35:53] These groups clung to Biblical literalism 

[35:59] abstract or poetic or only relevant within a 

[36:06] to such challenges. And if you use the Bible 

[36:11] obviously those policies are going 

[36:16] That audience, evangelical laymen, were the 

[36:22] The purpose of the book was not to win over 

[36:27] journalists, but provide a comforting 

[36:32] No metaphorical interpretation, no 

[36:37] It is in this environment that the protestant 

[36:42] the laity metastasizes into 

[36:46] the belief that the shallowest, least-informed 

[36:52] is in fact more legitimate. This is where 

[36:57] primacy is given to a childish and strictly 

[37:02] Bible as a single unified text authored by God 

[37:09] enlightenment of English-speaking modern white 

[37:14] [KENT HOVIND] If what you’re proposing 

[37:19] average person in the world can read 

[37:24] that I worship wrote a book that anybody can 

[37:28] and this book clearly says God made everything in 

[37:33] I think the Big Bang theory is one of the 

[37:36] in the world, and I think we’ll have an 

[37:39] I think if you gave this book to five thousand 

[37:44] says.’ All five thousand would come back and 

[37:50] This simplistic theology creates an equally 

[37:56] look like to a child. If a child would conclude 

[38:02] waters of the flood then any argument 

[38:08] The Genesis Flood sets out to 

[38:11] between science and the Bible by 

[38:16] correct and useful and was responsible for 

[38:20] modern age, it was scientists and their 

[38:26] The shift is the argument that the science 

[38:32] but scientists, either blinded by their 

[38:37] were obfuscating that; the 

[38:43] The Genesis Flood suggests that there is 

[38:47] because they are the same, and thus the litmus 

[38:53] scripture. In a single stroke it is 

[38:58] imbuing it with the perceived objectivity of 

[39:05] Science in this context is not a system of 

[39:11] but a mythology, a twin sibling of religion,  

[39:14] with an authority that can simply be 

[39:19] The book is the passion play 

[39:24] the vocabulary and aesthetics, flattened into 

[39:30] that performance is easy: it’s 

[39:35] Within the context of evangelicalism, The Genesis 

[39:41] creationism from an obscure long-debunked doctrine 

[39:48] need to understand it - they didn’t even need 

[39:54] The Genesis Flood was quoted 

[39:57] organisations would be built around the book,  

[40:00] and it has been a staple of the evangelical 

[40:07] It energized an entire movement of 

[40:11] or whip together a volunteer field excavation 

[40:17] And one of the book's most spectacular 

[40:21] and dinosaur, and their evidence for this… 

[40:27] other than paleontologist Roland T 

[40:33] [STAN TAYLOR] Basically there are two major views:  

[40:36] one origin by evolution, two 

[40:41] In 1968, Reverend Stanley Taylor 

[40:46] Taylor ran a small evangelical film production 

[40:51] to see these tracks for himself. He invited 

[40:56] to show him the tracks and document the 

[41:01] For Burdick, this was a question of 

[41:05] adept at tracking down Man Tracks on 

[41:09] collection of the specimens that he 

[41:14] This included a pair of human feet that 

[41:18] which he claims to have bought from a 

[41:22] dinosaur prints and giant cat footprints - all 

[41:28] Burdick even traced the slabs back 

[41:32] that was known to flip George’s carvings.

[41:34] So Taylor meets Burdick, sees these slabs,  

[41:37] asks around, and puts it all together 

[41:42] the possibility that the Man Tracks are 

[41:48] So Taylor focuses on the river, and conducts 

[41:53] Reverend and filmmaker, so he wasn’t at 

[41:57] but with the support of the old timers like 

[42:02] volunteer crew from the Lubbock Texas Bible 

[42:08] The Taylor Trail is relevant enough 

[42:12] drew Taylor to this run of prints is 

[42:15] elongated tracks that paleontologists 

[42:19] When you look at the trackway as a whole, 

[42:24] But a few individual prints bear enough of a 

[42:31] The excavation was captured on 16mm 

[42:35] and a few random set pieces to create 

[42:44] [FOLK MUSIC] Oh river Paluxy, revealers of 

[42:50] stone? Did man and dinosaur roam on your ancient 

[43:06] Released in January 1973, this film 

[43:11] until a quite damaged and extremely 

[43:16] The documentary is amateurish, bumbling, 

[43:22] reviews of the film painted it as incompetent 

[43:28] The camera gets as close to the titular 

[43:32] and his son Paul, working the camera, 

[43:37] mostly showing blobby tracks  in wide 

[43:42] contemporary viewers through the 

[43:46] Due to those limitations, and the general 

[43:50] along the Paluxy, the crew make heavy use of 

[43:57] paint the feet into the depressions 

[44:01] To put on my filmmaker hat for a moment here, 

[44:06] of dynamic range and detail means that this 

[44:12] The surface of the rock is so flattened by 

[44:18] to paint onto the rock becomes the only thing 

[44:25] But despite that, Taylor was clearly 

[44:29] work here and makes the savvy decision 

[44:34] Instead, Taylor leans into the 

[44:39] The problem is that many of the key 

[44:43] incredibly dead. So Taylor’s interviews 

[44:48] [RESIDENT] Now I do know that quite a few people 

[44:53] when they were younger, forty and fifty and 

[44:57] the river and they saw ‘em and they certainly, if 

[45:02] [JAMES RYALS] If they wasn’t a human print I’ve 

[45:09] [STAN TAYLOR] You saw them right along with 

[45:12] seen them all together and right 

[45:19] seen ‘em where the man would step 

[45:27] passed over. Some of them had wore sandals or 

[45:35] Some of them had to be barefooted because 

[45:39] [STAN TAYLOR] Now did you count five toes?

[45:40] [JAMES RYALS] Sure, just naturally as my own foot.

[45:43] [STAN TAYLOR] Was there an arch in the foot?

[45:44] [JAMES RYALS] Just a very slightly arch.

[45:46] So there you go, evolution debunked.

[45:49] The film also features interviews with various 

[45:54] Genesis Flood author Henry Morris. But notably 

[46:00] film. The only skeptics included were old-earth 

[46:07] Footprints in Stone became a core text for 

[46:12] at churches all across the United States. It 

[46:16] but if you were playing the film for a secular 

[46:21] Given that this was a 16mm 

[46:25] the roll out of Footprints in Stone was 

[46:32] [FOLK MUSIC] Both skeptic and believer have come 

[46:42] stand in odd surprise! Could man have lived 

[46:52] geologic tables are incorrect I fear. 

[46:58] Throughout all of this, from 

[47:02] Glen Rose had become an obscure tourist 

[47:06] Back in the 40s Emmett McFall bought land on 

[47:11] the curious a tour of the dinosaur and 

[47:16] Prior to his death in 1959, George Adams would 

[47:22] produced sometime in the early 50s, 

[47:27] problems, but it’s a night and day 

[47:31] At some point, the influx of Man Track 

[47:35] The story goes that Ernest “ordered” the 

[47:39] human tracks were fake. This isn’t framed 

[47:44] but instead as him protecting his 

[47:49] That didn’t do much to dispel rumours, 

[47:52] Despite decades of excavations producing no 

[47:58] as the carvings, the oblong tracks 

[48:02] for tourists to accept the testimonies of 

[48:08] If they could find this in an afternoon, perfect 

[48:16] By 1980, the buzz around these footprints 

[48:20] bleed out of evangelical circles and 

[48:24] or at least people not already immersed in 

[48:29] One such individual was Glen Kuban, a 

[48:34] words was “leaning towards strict creationism” 

[48:40] Quick sidebar here, but while Glen’s entrance into 

[48:46] around and does just an absolutely tremendous 

[48:56] just collating and documenting what everybody 

[49:05] Indeed this whole story would be very difficult 

[49:12] To Glen the claim of fossilized human footprints 

[49:18] wasn’t. As Glen saw it this whole thing 

[49:23] These lay people had a clear 

[49:26] but had absolutely no familiarity with the 

[49:31] river and just kinda wandering, maybe 

[49:36] So maybe if Glen helped get accessible 

[49:40] and dinosaur footprints out into the world 

[49:45] But then Carl Baugh arrived in Glen Rose.

[49:49] Baugh is your classic charlatan. We know very 

[49:55] Rose, and what we do know is contradictory and 

[50:01] a profile of Baugh for the Dallas Observer, 

[50:05] to the Creationist argument, she can’t pin much 

[50:12] “Only one thing about Baugh's academic history 

[50:18] he earned a three-year "graduate of theology"  

[50:21] degree from then-unaccredited Baptist 

[50:27] The rest of his purported academic credentials 

[50:33] and even these have changed between 

[50:38] Baugh was lured to Glen Rose by The Genesis Flood  

[50:40] and Footprints in Stone. And 

[50:45] He first made his presence known on June 16 

[50:50] Worth and Dallas to witness the discovery of “24 

[50:57] A lot of this history was 

[51:00] Texan high school physics teacher 

[51:04] He caught wind of Baugh’s announcement and 

[51:09] This began what would be an almost 3 year long 

[51:14] Hastings noted that the Baugh’s crew, like 

[51:19] groups. But he noted that these volunteers took 

[51:25] Carl Baugh was quick to draw conclusions and quick 

[51:30] and had no issue playing games with 

[51:33] the tracks, if you can’t see 

[51:36] [CARL BAUGH] within the side of the 

[51:40] footprint comes over to right here. Now I’m 

[51:48] and I think it should even be plainer then. 

[51:58] Okay so, we need to stop for a second and really 

[52:03] Paleontology, or in this case Paleoichnology;  

[52:06] the study of trace fossils, is 

[52:10] combining the already complicated topics of 

[52:16] But throughout this entire saga, the 

[52:20] individuals with absolutely no experience 

[52:26] filmmakers, and tourists, all making shockingly 

[52:32] And some of the claims they 

[52:35] In this Moral Majority Report article from 1985,  

[52:38] the author claims that the footprints are 

[52:42] rapidly by Noah’s flood. We’ve already 

[52:46] rip apart a stone river bed. The original mud 

[52:53] washed away. The quality of the prints opposes 

[53:00] But don’t think that it was just 

[53:03] about this. The most absurd claim we 

[53:07] “It seems obvious that pranksters intent on 

[53:12] legs and had a good time paddling around in 

[53:16] make it appear that both humans and dinosaurs 

[53:21] The soft… limestone. This is just 

[53:28] punching 4 inch deep holes in the rock.

[53:32] This incompetence can also be seen in the work 

[53:37] excavation cleaned up after themselves, 

[53:41] Stanley Taylor attempted to 

[53:44] including the full field documentation that 

[53:49] But Taylor had no idea what he was doing. So 

[53:55] Taylor’s measurements were wildly inaccurate, 

[54:01] footprints were getting approximate measurements, 

[54:06] decisive measurement. Observational errors of a 

[54:11] Needless to say, these errors taint Taylor’s 

[54:17] So if Stanley Taylor’s excavation of a 

[54:22] spite of his best efforts, what hope do you 

[54:29] Limestone is notoriously deceptive when it 

[54:34] intricate surfaces with numerous depressions. 

[54:39] a chemical reaction that produces cavities 

[54:45] In terms of erosion of the dinosaur prints 

[54:49] even name. You have the erosion that 

[54:53] where the mud will collapse in 

[54:56] begin to fall apart as the tide comes 

[55:02] from the erosion that occurs once the track is 

[55:08] Then there’s the weird curve balls. The 

[55:11] You might be dealing with an undertrack, where the 

[55:17] giving you a softer, shallower print. 

[55:21] of an ancient shrimp - that one 

[55:25] So the paleontologist has all of these factors to 

[55:31] detail - what made the track? It’s rare to know 

[55:37] So yeah, when Roland Bird was shown a 

[55:43] as a scientist he did just have to 

[55:48] Individual tracks, especially poor tracks, 

[55:53] series of them, the paleontologist 

[55:57] We’ve already done this. The Taylor Trail featured  

[56:00] elongated tracks that were very appealing 

[56:05] but in the context of the whole 

[56:10] So it should be clear by now why 

[56:16] “The tracks were clear. I remember how 

[56:21] the one next to it had grown 

[56:24] There are more layers to this than the Glen Rose 

[56:29] and pecan farmer, who is quoted here making a 

[56:36] a century prior, where he has presumed a deformity 

[56:42] The same behaviour can be seen from Jim Hall 

[56:47] 1985. Hall spoke about finding ‘skid marks’ 

[56:54] Carl Baugh has continued to carry out 

[56:58] bed even through to today. For the 

[57:03] you too can help Carl Baugh unlock the secrets 

[57:08] your own equipment. Carl recommends several 

[57:13] Guests are invited to bring their 

[57:17] and find a story in the rock.

[57:19] [CARL BAUGH] Kay, the outside of the track 

[57:24] but it’s still infilled, the central 

[57:28] the near digit goes that far but it’s 

[57:33] the hallux back of the foot. So here’s the 

[57:41] still needs to weather. It’s a beautiful little 

[57:50] Is that an accurate identification 

[57:55] should I know? Do you have any 

[58:00] When Carl Baugh arrived in Glen 

[58:04] shift in this whole thing. Where Taylor 

[58:09] Carl immediately began pumping out 

[58:14] When he began his excavations in Glen Rose,  

[58:16] he was seemingly completely 

[58:19] His early footprints were erroneously credited 

[58:24] because of the Sinclair fibre glass 

[58:28] Baugh’s 1982 excavation was a barrage 

[58:33] one in particular foreshadowed what was to come. 

[58:36] On October 20, 1982, Baugh brought out a cigar box  

[58:39] and showed Hastings his best evidence 

[58:44] This would be the first of a vast collection of 

[58:49] these are artifacts that are made 

[58:53] the context in which they are 

[58:57] The London Hammer is a great example of 

[59:01] hammer was supposedly found “completely 

[59:06] the hammer is as old as the dinosaur 

[59:11] However, there is no documentation of where 

[59:16] discovery keeps changing. Baugh today says it 

[59:22] accounts had the handle either sticking out from a 

[59:28] If that were the case, the hammer being embedded 

[59:34] But the magic of out-of-place artifacts is that 

[59:40] distorted. Every one of Baugh’s artifacts 

[59:44] and often decades, after their discovery. In many 

[59:50] carried out to verify the authenticity of his 

[59:55] Rather than bring in qualified third-parties 

[1:00:00] Baugh instead carries out his own crank 

[1:00:04] a particular favourite. Typically 

[1:00:08] medical technicians who seemingly 

[1:00:12] Our favourite example of this is 

[1:00:16] [CARL BAUGH] One of the more intriguing 

[1:00:20] owned by the Creation Evidence 

[1:00:26] In that Moral Majority story with Jim Hall, Hall 

[1:00:31] We’re good for footprints. The next step is to 

[1:00:37] And almost immediately, Baugh comes across  

[1:00:40] this “fossilised human finger” that 

[1:00:46] It’s just an interestingly shaped rock,  

[1:00:49] but that hasn’t stopped Baugh from making 

[1:00:54] [CARL BAUGH] This particular finger had been 

[1:00:59] been demonstrated to be genuine. That is we 

[1:01:06] joints showing with spiral CAT scan. We have the 

[1:01:14] have the actual cartilaginous ligaments being 

[1:01:20] we have the fingernail and the cuticle, 

[1:01:25] The scan has a darker area toward the 

[1:01:29] the greatest amount of rock for the radiation 

[1:01:35] like what you imagine your bone would 

[1:01:39] Incidentally, Glen Kuban received an email from 

[1:01:45] to discover the stone. She told Glen that she 

[1:01:50] but Carl just stole it, refusing to give it 

[1:01:55] Carl Baugh assembled a collection of 

[1:01:59] found himself wanting for somewhere to put it all.

[1:02:03] But perhaps equally fascinating is the 

[1:02:07] parcel of land at the very mouth, the very 

[1:02:13] a fundamentalist Christian creationist, 

[1:02:19] tiny complex of trailer houses and other 

[1:02:26] on many unsuspecting park visitors. For 

[1:02:32] can enjoy the hilarious misinformation 

[1:02:37] Originally a double wide trailer it has since 

[1:02:42] We have, of course, the aforementioned 

[1:02:46] The Moab Skeleton that Burdick pushed for over 

[1:02:51] 1983, reportedly for $10,000, and he displayed 

[1:02:56] On my trip to Glen Rose I was unable 

[1:03:00] but I was able to have a brief interaction with 

[1:03:06] him if I had just missed it somewhere 

[1:03:11] He told me in a very cagey tone 

[1:03:15] the artefact might be intrusive and in 

[1:03:21] decided to remove it from display. He 

[1:03:26] “in storage” but “in security” though admittedly 

[1:03:33] On a tour of the newest addition to the museum, a 

[1:03:38] as scientists, we were shown two pieces 

[1:03:43] and told that one was two snakes fighting, 

[1:03:47] just hatched and was, quote, “cowering 

[1:03:52] And how could I forget Carl’s Hyperbaric Chamber. 

[1:03:55] This piece of cutting-edge technology 

[1:04:00] It’s a structure so important to Baugh that 

[1:04:05] The chamber recreates the atmospheric 

[1:04:10] pre-flood Earth. This will cause any organisms 

[1:04:15] their pre-flood forms - Lizards will become 

[1:04:23] Oaky, so, Carl has, like, three hyperbaric 

[1:04:29] Back in the 90s he put a copperhead snake 

[1:04:34] and milked it for venom both before and 

[1:04:40] the venom to a secular scientist who said 

[1:04:47] Now, that claim is just kind of nonsense built 

[1:04:52] and thus the listener might infer 

[1:04:56] opposite of “venom,” but setting 

[1:05:01] an actual experiment. This is the hard science 

[1:05:07] The main problem is that that 

[1:05:11] you can’t run an experiment with live animals 

[1:05:15] maybe a few weeks for reptiles. Hence 

[1:05:21] to contain a fully self-sustaining 

[1:05:26] It will provide irrefutable proof 

[1:05:30] the geologic timeline. And Carl 

[1:05:34] 30-plus years of work it took 

[1:05:40] It’s empty.

[1:05:42] Assuming this theory to be accurate, it 

[1:05:46] that this hyperbaric biosphere has been left 

[1:05:52] expensive to have it hauled away, and too 

[1:05:58] But in the early days when the 

[1:06:01] Carl’s marquee attraction was Clifford 

[1:06:06] had returned to Glen Rose in 1983, and 

[1:06:11] one of his slabs, the so-named Burdick 

[1:06:16] Though make a mental note of 

[1:06:18] of the print is split into even more pieces.

[1:06:22] Why was it split in two? Because 

[1:06:27] a team of scientists from Columbia 

[1:06:31] conducted an investigation into the 

[1:06:36] They’d collected as many slabs as they could get 

[1:06:40] they were natural depressions. They concluded 

[1:06:46] It would be hard for Baugh not to know of 

[1:06:51] But over the decades, Baugh has assembled 

[1:06:55] None are more meaningful than any other, 

[1:07:00] First of all, they all crop up out of nowhere, 

[1:07:06] if not decades earlier by a friend of a 

[1:07:11] prints basically impossible. It also helps 

[1:07:16] Second, very few photos of these 

[1:07:20] with the most prominent being 

[1:07:25] Now, from a good angle these 

[1:07:29] but it’s still possible to debunk them.

[1:07:31] The A.M Coffee Print is a perfectly flat 

[1:07:36] The Willet Print has monstrous toes that 

[1:07:41] middle one. And the Zapata Print has freakish 

[1:07:46] But it really needs to be stressed how 

[1:07:52] you see these in person, from the bad angles, the 

[1:07:59] Like, seriously, you can see the 

[1:08:04] but you can see the tool 

[1:08:08] But the true masterpiece in Baugh’s 

[1:08:14] Originally discovered in July of 2000, this 

[1:08:19] the Paluxy River by amateur archaeologist Alvis 

[1:08:25] pile of rocks along a creek that flows 

[1:08:30] thinking that it only contained the tridactyl 

[1:08:35] when Delk suffered a bad fall from a 

[1:08:39] that he brushed up the specimen 

[1:08:43] As an archeologist, recognising that 

[1:08:47] evidence of the coexistence of man and dinosaur,  

[1:08:50] explicitly “disproving Darwinian evolution” and 

[1:08:56] thing… and sold the specimen to the crank 

[1:09:02] Never mind the fact that Delk’s 

[1:09:06] from attending Baugh’s annual digs!

[1:09:08] But who cares? Let’s just marvel 

[1:09:12] Carl Baugh has called the human 

[1:09:16] ignoring the obvious anthropomorphic 

[1:09:20] the two middle toes are far too long and splayed 

[1:09:26] sharp instep. Viewed from a more acute angle the 

[1:09:33] But we have a whole second print to analyse,  

[1:09:35] and this “juvenile Acrocanthosaurus” 

[1:09:40] When you contrast it with a genuine juvy 

[1:09:44] obvious. The digits are too short, The 

[1:09:48] lacking any indication of claw marks 

[1:09:52] What it better resembles 

[1:09:56] You can just see the layers that 

[1:10:02] But what makes the Delk Print so magical is 

[1:10:08] over the top of an “ideal” human track 

[1:10:13] the Paluxy River and layered specifically 

[1:10:19] pre-date the dinosaur track. It’s hard to 

[1:10:25] like forging your report card and giving 

[1:10:31] note that you are indeed very handsome 

[1:10:39] By the early 1980s, Man Track Mania had 

[1:10:44] had passed their torches to their 

[1:10:47] push the Man Track claims, albeit 

[1:10:52] By late 1985, Glen Kuban and Ronnie Hastings were 

[1:10:58] Glen had assembled his own massive body of work 

[1:11:03] Trail, while the rest of the team put together a 

[1:11:09] journal, focusing solely on the Paluxy River’s Man 

[1:11:15] anatomy, geology, and anthropology 

[1:11:20] Today, the authors would just drop this 

[1:11:24] Paul Taylor and John Morris down to the 

[1:11:29] challenge Glen, and really 

[1:11:32] And in a turn of events that would never, ever 

[1:11:38] in good faith. They already had concerns about the 

[1:11:43] out, they accepted the evidence against the Man 

[1:11:48] John Morris ceased publication of his 1980 book 

[1:11:54] Kuban understands it Paul Taylor straight up 

[1:11:59]  John Morris released a carefully worded 

[1:12:04] but he hits all the necessary beats to earn 

[1:12:09] the river bed were made by dinosaurs, the 

[1:12:13] creationism can’t rely on the Paluxy 

[1:12:17] “several years ago when I spoke at ICR 

[1:12:22] your book?” He no longer sells the book. 

[1:12:26] warehouse full of those books, and I’d 

[1:12:30] cannot in good conscience continue to 

[1:12:35] There was a movie made called Footprints in Stone 

[1:12:38] movie went around the circuit for a 

[1:12:41] footprints together. And then they 

[1:12:46] You’ll get some people who’ll give you 

[1:12:49] don’t support those human 

[1:12:53] People like Hovind and Baugh took the wrong 

[1:12:59] never apologize, never retract. Or 

[1:13:03] full of books you cannot in good 

[1:13:07] Carl Baugh flip flopped on 

[1:13:10] though ultimately rejected it, and he 

[1:13:14] the past 40 years. Baugh was always on the 

[1:13:20] but this has made him radioactive even 

[1:13:27] Dr Carl Baugh is a noted scientist 

[1:13:31] Copeland for an extraordinary video tape 

[1:13:36] Creationism is a philosophy, 

[1:13:40] sectarian infighting is older than the 

[1:13:43] creationist infighting today is 

[1:13:48] While Clifford Burdick spent his entire 

[1:13:52] simply for the love of the game, the modern 

[1:13:57] the lecture circuit, homeschooling resources, 

[1:14:03] Answers in Genesis is a young-earth 

[1:14:07] operated by Ken Ham. AiG is best known 

[1:14:12] companion Ark Experience, the 

[1:14:16] Creationist Museums were a response to 

[1:14:20] break into public schools. After decades of 

[1:14:25] they can’t bring creationism to the children, the 

[1:14:31] This dovetails with homeschooling, the other major 

[1:14:36] These museums may be one of the only excursions 

[1:14:43] Museums like Ken Hams’, and the ICR’s Discovery 

[1:14:49] decades of creationists mastering the art of 

[1:14:55] they can control both sides of the message,  

[1:14:57] and use the language of museums to create 

[1:15:03] The ICR Discovery Center is a slick operation, 

[1:15:09] plays the part of a museum well, even as 

[1:15:19] That’s, that’s just cardboard. 

[1:15:25] Oh my god.

[1:15:29] Oh wow.

The world’s tiniest 

[1:15:37] By contrast, Carl Baugh’s collection of 

[1:15:42] ephemera like a ten foot tall statue of 

[1:15:46] is so shameless and so sloppy that it 

[1:15:52] Despite ostensibly being allies,  

[1:15:54] Ken Ham has been attacking Baugh’s claims 

[1:16:00] While these groups are allies in a political 

[1:16:06] they are courting the same increasingly insular 

[1:16:11] their lecture serieses, and tickets to their 

[1:16:17] homogenous, so if Carl is an embarrassment 

[1:16:22] by god to cut grass in the garden of 

[1:16:27] [CARL BAUGH] These are velociraptors. 

[1:16:32] claw that gives them the reputation of having 

[1:16:37] [JIM SCUDDER] Right, well that’s 

[1:16:40] [CARL BAUGH] Well yes, but in reality that’s 

[1:16:45] canes that grew, that today, like 

[1:16:52] but in the fossil record 120 feet tall! 

[1:16:59] built in. And if you didn’t harvest them, 

[1:17:05] [JIM SCUDDER] So there was a creature 

[1:17:08] built in and that would also 

[1:17:13] [CARL BAUGH] It’s the balance in nature.

[1:17:14] But at the core all of them are 

[1:17:18] bundle of misinformation, in a very literal sense.

[1:17:22] After publishing The Genesis Flood Henry 

[1:17:26] Creation Research. Ken Ham, who was raised in 

[1:17:32] comes across a copy of the book while 

[1:17:36] fully radicalizes him. He moves to 

[1:17:42] before breaking away to form the organization 

[1:17:48] And as we already discussed,  

[1:17:49] Genesis Flood is the book that convinced 

[1:17:54] So Ham and Morris warning people to stay away 

[1:18:00] his claim that Noah brought dinosaurs onto the 

[1:18:06] The thing Baugh understood before any 

[1:18:11] with scientists in good faith, you will be 

[1:18:16] you will lose. So just keep your 

[1:18:21] The Burdick track was cut in 

[1:18:25] a decade before Baugh bought it, and then 

[1:18:30] even more pieces for even more tests that even 

[1:18:37] And it doesn’t matter. The thing has been a known 

[1:18:43] and there it is, in Baugh’s museum, 

[1:18:47] Baugh may be a pariah on the fringes 

[1:18:51] cracked the meta in the eighties. People 

[1:18:56] hyperbaric chamber being a year or two 

[1:19:02] has existed.  He was posting through 

[1:19:07] Morris and Ham have way more in common 

[1:19:13] They conflict with him on a personal level, find 

[1:19:19] well, they are, but they have wholly 

[1:19:25] While they do a better job with the cosplay, 

[1:19:30] better equipped, and their websites do a 

[1:19:35] they are ultimately playing Baugh’s game: Never 

[1:19:42] Part of that cosplay is, of course, 

[1:19:47] but, maybe it goes without 

[1:19:51] These organizations, performing as researchers 

[1:19:57] The 50th anniversary edition hasn’t been 

[1:20:05] why would it be? It doesn’t matter. If you get 

[1:20:11] that cites Burdick citing Bird, stuff that’s been 

[1:20:17] The book doesn’t need revisions, it doesn’t 

[1:20:23] changing data. In fact to do so would be 

[1:20:29] The fact that science is constantly shifting with 

[1:20:35] thing that the audience for The Genesis Flood 

[1:20:41] is untrustworthy. So naturally a science 

[1:20:59] And so we come back to Baugh, to his 

[1:21:04] silly pretend laboratory, and 

[1:21:08] Mantracks may be fake artefacts, 

[1:21:12] They are not the imprint of human 

[1:21:16] but they are a human imprint. 

[1:21:21] a sideshow of crank science even amongst the 

[1:21:26] but within that they are this fascinating, 

[1:21:33] I love mantracks, like, really, what an amazing 

[1:21:41] so long, kept alive into the twenty first 

[1:21:47] connoisseur of fakes, frauds, and scams, 

[1:21:52] Burdick Right belong in a museum, but displayed 

[1:21:59] When I visited Baugh’s shack I was 

[1:22:03] with my own eyes. What amazing relics of 

[1:22:10] The fact that there are so many of 

[1:22:15] They are silly, wholly unpersuasive to 

[1:22:21] but there are people thirsty to be persuaded,  

[1:22:24] and so cropped up the niche trade of 

[1:22:34] Ultimately the mantracks are little more than a 

[1:22:39] from almost a century ago that has persisted, 

[1:22:44] years, but Glen Rose isn’t the mantracks capital 

[1:23:03] The town has embraced this identity, 

[1:23:08] because dinosaurs, the footprints they left, 

[1:23:15] In 1968, the Texas Parks and Wildlife 

[1:23:20] surrounding the Paluxy River 

[1:23:23] The park’s signature attractions are 

[1:23:26] named Rex and Bronto. These were among a 

[1:23:30] by Sinclair Oil as part of their Dinoland 

[1:23:36] Sinclair Oil was the key financier to 

[1:23:40] and they partially financed Bird’s sauropod 

[1:23:45] donating these sculptures to the State 

[1:23:49] The Dinosaur Valley State Park opened to 

[1:23:54] was present at the opening, returning to the old 

[1:23:59] The state park has been credited to Bird, 

[1:24:03] signed it into legal existence, and those 

[1:24:09] But it’s also the legacy of Glen Rose itself, and 

[1:24:15] Ryals chiseling footprints out of the bedrock with 

[1:24:20] “discovering” Texanus Gargantus on the riverbed, 

[1:24:26] tree, carving a footprint into a slab that would