What Betting Does to Your Brain

[00:01] very direct warning: you will lose money with betting, and not only will you, but you Brazilians who are in debt because of online betting. Excuse my frankness, rooting against you, but this is a fact: betting sites were created

[00:16] to make money, and that money comes from the players' pockets, from your pocket. In the short term, with one bet or another, you might even win a few times, but that's precisely what will cause you to end up in the long run, after many bets, losing money.

[00:29] even mathematical explanations that support what I'm saying, and I'm going to show them in this video. It's very important that you understand this, and if possible, because Brazil is experiencing a real betting epidemic. You must

[00:44] television; it seems like all the advertisements are for betting sites. Most football teams and even the championships themselves are sponsored by some of them. And on the internet, it's even worse; many influencers have stopped

[00:57] producing content to focus solely on promoting online casinos and games like Tigrinho's. But even if I only focused on the mathematical aspect, which should already be sufficient, you would still lose money with gambling because, far

[01:09] beyond the numbers, in this video I want to detail what gambling does to your brain. I said that Brazil is experiencing a gambling epidemic; this is not just a figure of speech. The spread of gambling in Brazil is as rapid as a virus,

[01:22] and it can also harm your health and your wallet. Just look at some news that has recently come out in the media across various outlets to get an idea of ​​the scale of the damage: Brazilians lose R$4 billion

[01:34] in online gambling per year, or online gambling has cost more than R$... 300,000 Brazilians are now in debt, and even beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program sent R$3 billion to gambling in one month. In other words, even those who depend

[01:48] on income transfer programs to survive are compromising their budgets with betting. The money is leaving the pockets of poor Brazilians and going into the coffers of multi-million dollar companies,

[02:00] often from other countries. Many people might think, "Oh, that's their problem; nobody's being forced to gamble," and that's true. People may not be forced to gamble, but they are becoming addicted without

[02:13] realizing it. In an ideal world, nobody would fall for gambling marketing, but we don't live in that world. Furthermore, the damage caused by the gambling epidemic doesn't just affect individuals, but society as a whole. The amount

[02:26] Brazilians lose to gambling already equals 0.22% of our GDP, and this number is growing. This is a major problem now that is likely to worsen. The future of our country may be compromised

[02:41] by gambling. Want more proof? This study shows that 35% of... college this year say they haven't begun their studies because they've compromised their can easily fall prey to traps that supposedly yield

[02:56] easy money, like gambling itself. In other words, we 're trapped in a loop: people gamble more, then tend to study less, and consequently gamble more and study less. Ultimately, we need to break this cycle, and the

[03:11] education. That's why I'm going to explain how betting sites work and why, in the end, you'll lose money with them. I ask that you share this video, especially with that friend of yours

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[04:03] and now we're going to start understanding what bets do to your brain. First of all, it's necessary to differentiate between games of chance and sports betting. Games of chance are those that depend exclusively on

[04:15] luck, or as the name says, on bad luck. The player just spins a roulette wheel or plays a slot machine and hopes for the best. It's more or less like what happens in real casinos where there's bettor can do to beat the house. Basically, because at least in one

[04:31] that I'll mention shortly that increases the chances of winning. I hope aren't watching this video, but in the case of virtual casinos, the "tigers" of life, there's no transparency to winning money. Normally, you need to

[04:46] sequence, but nobody really knows how the algorithm of these games works. The programmer a sequence of three identical symbols never comes up, or that it only comes up once every thousand times. So that every now and then someone wins and

[05:00] advertises their victory, or it can even be programmed so that the bettor always hits the post, meaning that two identical symbols always appear, and then the person thinks, "Damn, almost, I just missed one!" And then they bet again and again and again, but

[05:14] in the end, they will never win, and if they do win, maybe this was programmed to make the person believe that winning is possible and bet even more. The fact is that this type of game has all the makings of a scam; the player has no way of knowing

[05:26] the mechanism that leads to the prize. And then many people might think, "Then sports betting is different. After all, it's tied to an external event like a football match, so there's no possibility of fraud." But that

[05:40] 's not quite the case. Unfortunately, almost everything involving human beings is susceptible to fraud, and sports betting is no different. Once again, we only need to look at some frequent headlines in newspapers; from time to time, the police

[05:53] deliberately lost to manipulate bets, and sometimes it's not even necessary to coordinate with the entire team, as revealed by Operation Penalty Maximum, where some athletes received hundreds of thousands. In Brazil, bets are placed on winning a penalty or

[06:07] receiving a yellow card, end up a victim and lose your money. But let's imagine there are no scams, no

[06:22] illegal schemes, and all games are decided honestly. In that case, is it possible to make money from betting? To answer that, let's understand exactly how sports betting works. It all

[06:35] starts when a betting site opens bets, for example, on a football match between team A and team B. This site calculates the chances of each team winning the match or the game ending in a draw. They have

[06:47] sports experts and statisticians who make these calculations with the help of computer programs. These programs take into account a series of factors ranging from physical condition of the athletes to the historical results at the stadium where

[07:00] the match will take place, and even the teams' track record in certain weather conditions. In short, a multitude of information is used to determine the chance of each team winning, and based on that,

[07:12] team winning, and based on that, they... They calculate what are called Odds. Odds are the factor by which the money wagered is multiplied in case of a win. For example, wagered is multiplied in case of a win. For example, odds of 1.5 mean that if you win,

[07:24] the amount wagered will be multiplied by 1.5. So, if you bet R$1000 on by 1.5. So, if you bet R$1000 on a bet with odds of 1.5, you could receive R$15.00 (the R$ 1000 you wagered) plus R$500 in

[07:37] prize money. The more likely a result is, the lower the odds will be, and the less likely it is, the higher the odds will be. In other words, like everything in life, the greater the risk, the greater the reward. But how is this odds calculation done? Exactly.

[07:53] Let's go back to the example of the match between team A and team B. Let's suppose analyze all the variables I mentioned earlier and consider team A to be the big favorite and to have a 90%

[08:06] chance of winning the game. To calculate the odds, you just divide 100 by the percentage chance of winning, that is, 100 divided by 90, which equals more. Or less by 90, which equals more. Or less 1.11. So in this case, theoretically, the odds

[08:20] will be 1.11. Keep that " theoretically" in mind, because I'll explain why in a moment. The fact is that with this concept, we can understand sporting outcome happening, in the opinion of a betting house. Just do the

[08:35] inverse calculation: if you see that a certain odd is 1.11, this means that for the experts of that house, the chance of that outcome happening is 90%. And this is possible not only in a match involving only two teams

[08:48] but even in an entire tournament. For example, the Brazilian championship has 20 teams, and even before it starts, it's possible to bet on which club you think will be champion. The big teams, which have the best players, usually

[09:00] offer very low odds because they are favorites. The underdogs, those teams that nobody has much faith in, offer very high odds, sometimes up to 500. That is, if someone bets R$1,000 on that team and is lucky enough for it to be

[09:13] champion, the person can win up to half a million reais. This also makes many... People, think about it, wow, if that happens, the betting house will go bankrupt! But here's the genius of distributing the odds with this system: the

[09:26] goal is for the bets received by the house to be spread evenly among all possible results. So, with 20 teams in play, even if a Brazilian Championship, like Vasco, wins, the betting house still profits from

[09:41] bets on the other 19 teams, an amount that is much higher than what they will have to pay to the winners. This is the number one rule of any type of game: the house never loses, whatever the result, the house will make money

[09:56] losers will cover the fortune received by the winners, and there will still be a margin left for the betting house. This margin is called vigor or juice, and this is where the said that if a team has a 90% chance of winning, theoretically the odds would be 1.11,

[10:13] but only theoretically? Well, in practice, the an example that will make this easier to understand: Imagine you're going to bet on the grand final of... Carol's World Cup of Crowns: Now that's an

[10:27] extremely exciting competition! In this case, there's a 50% chance of heads and a 50% chance of tails, so the odds should be two for each side, but in practice, the bookmakers will set odds of around 1.9 for each side, and

[10:43] the difference is the money they keep. I'm saying the house consider that you don't mind the house always making money as long as you always win too. Is there a strategy for

[10:57] guaranteed success? As I said at the beginning of the video, winning one or two bets isn't that difficult; you just need a little luck. But what about having sustainable long-term earnings and living solely off betting profits? In this case,

[11:11] there are some possible strategies, and I'll tell you upfront that none of them work very well. One of them is always betting on the favorites. You can open the betting site and look only for games where one team is much better than the opponent,

[11:24] bottom team. Because it's a very predictable result, the odds will be very low, for example, 1.1. So if you... Betting R$ 1,000 will yield a return of R$1,100. However, this strategy is not sustainable in the long term because the

[11:38] profits will always be very low. You will multiply your value little by little, and all it takes is for an upset to happen—that is, for the unlucky team to win even once, which will naturally happen at some point—and that's it, all

[11:50] your profit will be gone. Doing the opposite and always betting on the underdog is even worse. The odds will actually be much higher, like five. So a R$1,000 bet could yield a return of R$ 5,000, and you might even get lucky and

[12:05] win once or twice, but it's impossible for this to be repeated many, many times. At some point, you will lose the bet, and all the accumulated money will be gone. This happens because of a concept known as the

[12:18] law of large numbers. It says that the more an experience is repeated, the greater the tendency for its result to approach the expected value. Let's go back to the example of heads: 50% chance of heads, 50% chance of tails.

[12:32] If you flip a coin twice, it's very likely you'll get heads twice. If you flip it three times, four times, or even five times, it might still land on heads 100% of the time because there were only a few flips. But after flipping it 10,000 times,

[12:47] the average tends to stabilize at 50% for each side, and your try this at home. In the case of betting, you might get lucky and make some money in a few attempts, but in the long run, due to the law

[13:02] of large numbers, you'll tend to lose money. That's why you can't highest odds; you need to find the perfect balance, the exact proportion where you always win more than you

[13:14] lose, and that's extremely complicated. You might understand a lot about football, but that's not enough because there are thousands of other people who also understand and are also betting, and all this collective wisdom

[13:27] is also used by the betting houses themselves to calculate the odds. In other words, the bettors' own knowledge helps the house win. The house never loses. But even after all that, I have to admit that there is a

[13:42] type of sports betting where the chance of profit is 100%. I'm talking about of the match will make some kind of mistake. Just kidding, arbitrage is the practice of finding different odds at different betting sites. For example, let's

[13:55] go back to the game between team A and team B. They've faced each other classic. Let's suppose it's a final, so there's no chance of a draw; someone will win and be champion. After a series of calculations, a

[14:10] fictional betting site, Elizabeth, might consider that team A has a 40% chance of winning, meaning it will offer odds of 2.5. But a offer odds of 2.5. But a competing betting site, BetBalance, thinks that team

[14:24] B has a 40% chance of winning. So it's the one that pays odds of 2.5 at that site. In this scenario, you just bet, for example, R$1,000 on team A at Elizabeth and another R$1,000 on team B at BetBalance. Whichever bet

[14:39] wins, it will pay you. To give a return of R$500, considering that in total you spent R$2000 to make two bets, you had a guaranteed profit of R$500. There's only one problem: it's very, very rare to find an opportunity to do

[14:54] arbitrage. Betting sites tend to offer odds that are more or less similar to each other, and even then, when the opportunity arises, the profit margins are much smaller than what I used in this example. The guaranteed profit is sometimes only

[15:06] 1 or 2%. And besides, when betting sites suspect that the client is arbitrage, they can simply ban the bettor. The houses always win, but them, the houses will simply prevent you from playing. It's more or less what

[15:21] those who try to beat the house in one of the most popular card games, blackjack. This is the game I mentioned at the beginning of this video where the bettor manages to increase their own winning margin.

[15:34] In short, the objective of blackjack is to draw random cards from a deck. When added together, the cards should approach or equal 21, but without exceeding that value. At the same time, the house also plays blackjack

[15:47] following a specific algorithm to draw or not draw cards. If the bettor has quick thinking and has practiced, they can count the cards and follow a selection algorithm to have a greater chance of success than 50%,

[16:01] betting high only when the house has a high chance of losing. This strategy, of course, does not always guarantee victory, but it increases the player's possibility of winning and, as a consequence, reduces the house's profit margin. For this reason,

[16:15] many casinos simply prohibit card counters from participating in this game. And here it is worth clarifying that counting cards is literally just thinking; it's not cheating, it's just playing the game strategically. In short, just like

[16:30] casinos, betting houses also refuse to allow any strategy that increases the players' chances of winning; in other words, for the last time, the house never loses. But then, if the loser is always the one who loses, why do so

[16:46] many people still play swearing they will win? In the first place, because of abusive advertising, many betting houses imply in their advertisements that it is very easy to make money. They even treat betting

[16:58] as if it were a source of extra income. Furthermore, when famous people participate in these advertisements, they lend their credibility to these companies. And then whoever sees the commercial thinks, "Wow, if artist X is

[17:12] promoting this betting site, it must be a good business; they would never do anything to deceive their fans." And sorry to disappoint you, but they would. Maybe not on purpose, maybe even out of naiveté, but the advertising they participate in can lead

[17:26] you to become addicted to betting and even get sick. Yes, gambling addiction can cause serious health damage, all because of what gambling does to in the gambler's head, we need to look at a specific part located

[17:41] deep in the brain: the ventral tegmental area. There, there is a high concentration usually associated with the sensation of pleasure. When this area is activated, dopamine flows towards another part of the brain, the nucleus accumbens, and it is when

[17:56] it arrives there that we have a feeling of desire and excitement. So, whenever there is something around us that can make us feel... Motivated, this so-called reward circuit is activated, but this good feeling doesn't last

[18:08] forever. In the front part of the brain, there's the neocortex, the area linked to reason and planning. This is the area that, in this way, cuts off the tegmental area's high and makes us feel satiated. In other words, it allows us to satisfy the

[18:22] was giving us pleasure. This is the normal functioning of the brain when everything is in balance. The problem is that there are some things that make everything go wrong. Drugs, for example, cause a momentary and

[18:36] gigantic injection of dopamine that makes any brakes impossible on the part of the neocortex. As the person uses more drugs, the brain understands that only that is capable of offering so much pleasure; no other activity becomes interesting, and

[18:49] the person becomes dependent on the substance. And up to this point, I'm talking about drugs. But right? Gambling causes a very similar effect; it activates the same brain circuits even without using chemical substances. In this case, the

[19:03] pleasure comes from the possibility of winning a lot of money, especially very quickly. The faster the bets are, the more likely they are to be won. These dopamine surges dissipate more quickly, leaving our brains craving more and more,

[19:16] tracing a never-ending cycle. This applies to both traditional casinos and virtual betting. The possibility of playing a slot machine and winning coins, or guessing the winner of a match just before it

[19:28] begins, excites the gambler. Then, one of two things happens: either they win and become even more motivated to play again, or they lose and become frustrated, wanting to play again to at least recover their losses. In other words, regardless of

[19:41] the outcome, our brains crave more, and that's exactly how began to be treated as a disorder in the 1980s, and in 2013 it was

[19:53] classified as a type of dependency with its own name: ludopathy. Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, ludopathy can cause mood swings, anxiety, and even depression, as well as leading

[20:08] entire families to financial ruin. Reports document cases of divorces motivated by one partner's gambling addiction. Completely addicted to gambling, compulsive gamblers go so far as to sell their cars, houses, and even get involved

[20:20] in crimes to finance their gambling. In other words, gambling has become a health problem and even a public safety issue. And here you might think, "But I gambled and didn't get addicted." Well, research indicates that genetics is

[20:35] highly connected to the chances of someone developing an addiction. prone to developing gambling addictions because of their DNA, and DNA is something no one controls. It's worth remembering that gambling has always existed and

[20:49] will certainly continue to exist, but the ease of gambling nowadays without leaving home, doing everything through a cell phone, makes regulation somewhat urgent. There need to be well-defined laws for the algorithms of virtual casinos and

[21:02] also for the advertising of bets, just as was done with cigarettes in the past. It was common to see cigarette advertisements on TV, which is unimaginable today. Besides the fact that there are no more commercials, every package has those

[21:15] huge and frightening warnings about the risks of smoking, and this could be an interesting path for betting companies to follow. The allocation of funds raised by betting to public health is also a good solution, as is the

[21:27] as a global example when it comes to regulating betting. There, all betting companies pay a 15% tax on their profits, and most of that goes to the NHS, which is like the

[21:41] goes to the NHS, which is like the British SUS (Unified Health System). In other words, it's not about prohibiting betting, because that doesn't work in the real world, but about containing the potential harm caused by betting and educating people about the negative effects it

[21:53] can have. While this doesn't happen, it's important for each person to be responsible and help take care of themselves, their friends, and family. If someone you know is addicted to betting, it's worth

[22:05] seeking medical help. And if you feel the urge to bet for the first time, this video. Is it worth opening the door to a potential addiction that will harm your physical and financial health? Ideally, you shouldn't enter

[22:18] the world of betting and should only have fun with free games like Dota 2 or science videos on YouTube, but only as a last resort, if you are a very responsible person. If you are of legal age and only want to gamble

[22:31] occasionally, remember to take a number of precautions. Only bet small amounts that will not compromise your budget in any way, and keep in mind that this should never be treated as a source

[22:43] of income; it is merely a source of fun and potential income loss. In addition to setting aside a small amount, dedicate a short amount of time to this activity. Don't waste hours of your day or days of your life looking for ways to make easy money

[22:56] while life passes you by. In short, dedicate your time to safer and healthier forms of distraction with the people who truly care about you. Don't be swayed by the miraculous promises of those who depend on

[23:09] your losses to profit. After all, as I've shown throughout this video, biology and mathematics demonstrate that betting is a bad deal for your health and your wallet, and you don't want to bet against

[23:21] want to bet against science. Thank you very much, and until