H264 vs H265 | Explained

[00:00] video has become a huge part of our

[00:02] internet experience these days videos

[00:04] are everywhere from funny cat videos on

[00:06] facebook to this video that you're

[00:08] watching right now the only reason

[00:11] videos are so accessible and so common

[00:13] these days is because of something known

[00:15] as video compression this means turning

[00:18] one video source into a smaller one for

[00:21] either easier video transfer or for

[00:23] streaming over the internet so let's

[00:26] take a look at the two most important

[00:28] video compression standards currently in

[00:30] use these are h.264 and the newer h.265

[00:34] standards we will look into how these

[00:36] two standards work and more importantly

[00:38] how do these two video compression

[00:40] standards compare to each other whether

[00:42] you are someone who likes to upload

[00:44] nature walk videos onto the internet or

[00:47] likes to stream video games on twitch

[00:49] it's really interesting to understand

[00:51] how video compression works hello

[00:53] everyone this is mike from sabrin here

[00:56] and if you enjoy tech videos and tech

[00:57] related videos then make sure to hit

[00:59] that subscribe button and hit that

[01:01] notification bell so you get updated for

[01:03] any future videos both h.264 and h.265

[01:07] are known as codex a codec is a piece of

[01:10] software that can utilize hardware to

[01:12] code video files during their creation

[01:14] and also to decode the same type of

[01:16] video for playback in fact the word

[01:18] codec is a combination of the words code

[01:21] and decode video compression codecs can

[01:24] reduce the size of a video file by

[01:26] essentially following a series of

[01:28] program processes that allow a computer

[01:30] system that is doing the video encoding

[01:33] to squeeze the video data into smaller

[01:36] file sizes without a substantial or

[01:39] notable loss in quality in most cases

[01:42] this is done by using a combination of

[01:44] things like prediction and complex

[01:46] algorithms video compression codecs like

[01:49] h.264 and h.265 are used to compress raw

[01:52] video data that can take up a lot of

[01:54] space in your computer and then compress

[01:57] it into more smaller and more manageable

[02:00] file sizes for example let's say you

[02:02] need to compress a video of yourself

[02:03] talking to a camera with a simple static

[02:06] background like this one just here now

[02:08] the codec will determine that your

[02:10] background isn't changing that

[02:12] drastically as you're speaking so

[02:14] instead of storing all of that real-time

[02:17] information about your background the

[02:19] codec will compress your background

[02:21] information meaning that it will isolate

[02:23] you from your background and only

[02:25] keeping the data of the real-time

[02:27] changes like of me moving my hands as

[02:30] i'm speaking or for example the mouth as

[02:32] i'm talking this is because your

[02:34] background is static and there's no need

[02:36] to keep all of that information as the

[02:39] information is essentially repeating

[02:41] itself throughout the video this is

[02:42] obviously an over simplified way of

[02:45] explaining how these codecs work but you

[02:47] get the idea by using simple tricks you

[02:50] can reduce the file sizes now let's look

[02:53] at one of the most popular decompression

[02:55] codec standards out there h.264 and its

[02:58] newer and

[03:00] arguably better sibling the h.265 video

[03:02] standard h.264 is a well-known video

[03:05] compression standard for high definition

[03:07] video is also known as mpeg-4 part 10

[03:10] advanced video coding or mpeg-4 hevc for

[03:14] short h.264 is an industry standard and

[03:17] widely used in all kinds of video files

[03:20] from recording to streaming and it's not

[03:23] just used for videos and entertainment

[03:25] h.264 is also widely used for things

[03:27] like surveillance footage too h.264 is a

[03:30] block orientated compression standard it

[03:32] works by compressing frames of the video

[03:35] using a block orientated motion

[03:37] compensated based video compression

[03:39] standard those units are called macro

[03:42] blocks macro blocks typically consists

[03:45] of 16 by 16 pixel samples that can be

[03:48] subdivided into transform blocks and may

[03:52] be further subdivided into what are

[03:54] known as prediction blocks this allows

[03:56] h.264 to reduce the file size of the

[03:58] video without compromising much on video

[04:00] quality there are many video formats

[04:03] that use h.264 compression standards two

[04:06] of the most popular ones are dot mov and

[04:09] dot mp4 formats formats themselves are

[04:12] just digital file containers both of

[04:15] these formats use ht64 to compress the

[04:18] information in a video file dot mov is a

[04:21] proprietary file format that was made by

[04:23] apple to work exclusively with their

[04:25] devices and mp4 is an international

[04:28] standard for video files and a lot of

[04:30] streaming and video platforms recommend

[04:32] that you use this file format while mp4

[04:35] is more commonly used it is a more

[04:38] compressed video file format and thus

[04:40] comparing it to file formats like mov

[04:43] mp4 does have a slight worsening in

[04:46] quality h.265 on the other hand is the

[04:48] newer video compression standard and

[04:51] since it is the newer one it is also the

[04:53] better video compression standard first

[04:55] published in 2013 h.265 has yet to

[04:58] become as widely used as h.264 but it is

[05:02] catching up pretty fast according to the

[05:04] video developers report of 2019 is the

[05:07] second most commonly used video coding

[05:09] standard after h.264 h.265 is also known

[05:13] as high efficiency video coding or hevc

[05:16] for short while h.264 uses macro blocks

[05:19] h.265 processes information by using

[05:22] something called coding 3 units or ctus

[05:26] a macro block could span between 4x4 to

[05:29] 16x16 block sizes ctus on the other hand

[05:33] can process as many as 64 by 64 blocks

[05:36] giving them the ability to compress

[05:38] information more efficiently this means

[05:40] that h.265 can retain more information

[05:43] in a video after compression as compared

[05:45] to h.264 h.265 is more advanced than

[05:49] h.264 in several ways the main

[05:52] difference is that hevc allows for

[05:54] further reduction file sizes and

[05:57] therefore reduce the required bandwidth

[05:59] for your live streams or video

[06:01] recordings what this means in the real

[06:03] world is that when you're recording a

[06:05] video or streaming of a video you can

[06:08] actually stream at a much higher quality

[06:10] by using the same if not actually

[06:12] smaller file sizes than the h.264 file

[06:15] format without getting too much into

[06:17] things like bitrate and such h365 needs

[06:20] less bitrate to store the same level of

[06:22] information as compared to h.264

[06:25] basically put the higher the bitrate the

[06:27] larger the video size so real world

[06:29] example just to give you a comparison

[06:32] the required bandwidth to stream 4k

[06:34] video is around 32 megabits per second

[06:37] for h.264 for h.265 it is just under 15

[06:41] megabits per second this essentially

[06:43] means that the video can be recorded or

[06:45] streamed at half the bitrate without

[06:47] compromising on quality this also means

[06:50] that when you are recording higher

[06:53] quality video you can actually use lower

[06:55] bit rates meaning that you can record

[06:57] things like 8k video or even 6k video

[07:00] using just an sd card whereas before you

[07:03] would have had to have used more

[07:04] expensive media types in addition to

[07:07] cutting down file sizes even further

[07:09] h.265 also has much better motion

[07:12] compression and spatial prediction than

[07:15] h.264 what this means is that you can

[07:18] have a lot of stuff going on in the

[07:19] video like this or more than that really

[07:23] and you can still get away with running

[07:25] a lower bit rate previously recording at

[07:27] a lower bit rate meant that wherever

[07:29] there was a lot of motion in the video

[07:31] the quality of the video would become

[07:33] worse this was because in a video with a

[07:36] lot of movement and action going on

[07:38] there is a lot more information that

[07:40] needs to be captured but at a lower bit

[07:42] rate there is only so much bandwidth to

[07:44] go around this is why when you are

[07:46] watching a live stream of action sports

[07:48] for example and then suddenly there is a

[07:50] lot of action on stream it looks like

[07:52] the video quality has got worse almost

[07:55] immediately with h.265 compression

[07:57] standards this video would actually

[07:59] perform much better so you might ask if

[08:02] h.265 is so great and it's been around

[08:05] for almost eight years why is h.264

[08:08] still more widely used around the world

[08:10] well the answer is pretty simple h.265

[08:14] requires significantly more computing

[08:16] power when the video is viewed edited

[08:18] and even played back the fact is is that

[08:21] this is a huge barrier to entry for a

[08:24] lot of people and industries however we

[08:26] are seeing more and more devices with

[08:29] special h.265 encoders and decoder chips

[08:32] to handle this kind of codec meaning

[08:34] that processors can basically be less

[08:36] powerful making it easier and cheaper to

[08:39] implement h.265 encoding and decoding

[08:42] just a decade ago you would have had to

[08:43] take out a loan to get your hands on a

[08:45] 4k camera and a tv to play on but today

[08:49] almost every phone has the ability to

[08:51] record and play back this footage and it

[08:53] won't be long until 6 and 8k video will

[08:56] become the norm with h.265 as well

[08:58] becoming the norm but that's it for

[09:00] today's video if you've enjoyed it then

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[09:09] future videos anyway we'll see you in

[09:11] the next one

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