Video v0afQ6w3Bjw

[00:02] >> That's a very hot rod. >> Yes. Back on the water wouldn't no >> Really. >> Hey, it's me, Dustin. Welcome back to Smarter Every Day. I am so incredibly excited to share this video with you. I

[00:17] have never experienced anything like this. Uh I I've wanted to learn about nuclear power for years, but I purposefully kept myself ignorant. Like I didn't, you know, I deep dive into aerodynamics and like, you know, all

[00:29] material science things like that. But nuclear power is like this thing that I was right. And I'm telling you, the time is right. We're about to learn about nuclear power by seeing it. And by meeting the people who are making

[00:45] nuclear power and just we're going to walk inside an active nuclear power plant, not just like on any normal day. We're gonna walk in to a power plant on the day that they're refueling it. They're taking old fuel rods out and

[01:00] putting new fuel rods back in. And we're going to see how they do that. And it has totally demystified nuclear power for me. Like this experience just changed how I feel about a nuclear power plant being just down the road from

[01:14] where I live. It's awesome. So this is what I would ask of you to to do for you. if you would just watch the video as if you're there with me and we're walking around and we're asking the questions together and we're

[01:27] experiencing it and and give yourself some grace because there are moments where I have no idea what's going on and I'm just asking questions and I think it's okay to not know what's happening and then just let it happen and then

[01:39] later on in the video we'll understand more about it. So this is a really neat experience. I I hope you really enjoy it. This is unlike the access most people get to the nuclear industry. So, this is very, very special. And I want

[01:52] to thank the people that let this happen. This is the culmination of months of coordination and training and people working behind the scenes to give us this very special look into a very special place. You can't just take a

[02:05] camera here. You have to have the proper training. And a ton of people made this happen. I'm so grateful for that. But uh yeah, let's go to an active nuclear power plant and learn about nuclear power in a very real way. Let's go get

[02:18] smarter every day. [music] So, something's about to happen that we've been wanting to happen forever. We're going to get to go to a nuclear plant. And this is my friend Phillip,

[02:30] plant. And this is my friend Phillip, >> who forever we I've called him Jimmy Neutron as long as I can remember. And the thing about Philip is he's very moderate, very level. How would you say very expressive? This is his angry

[02:46] face. This is also his happy face. [laughter] This is his excited face. And that's kind of who you want working in a nuclear plant, I feel. >> Yeah. I'm I'm the most boring man you'll

[02:59] I have to get extra medium shirts. >> Extra medium. [laughter] >> Okay. All right, George, we're going to go to a nuclear plant. You excited? >> All right, there it is over there. Where are we at, Phillip?

[03:14] >> We are leaving the training center. Uh, and you are just east of the plant. >> This is Browns Fairy Nuclear Plant. >> All right. This is the third largest nuclear plant in the United States. Correct.

[03:27] >> Uh, I don't know. [laughter] >> It's one of the biggest ones. units, correct? >> We have three units. We are the only plant that has all three units under one roof.

[03:48] heard, is over the top. >> Oh, yeah. We have rules on how to climb >> Really? >> It's crazy. But people rarely get hurt, so I guess it works. [laughter]

[04:02] you doing? >> Doing well. All right, so this is the >> It is. This is our Westgate house. This is how we get into the blade. >> Okay, cool. Sounds good. Bill, what's your uh what's your deal here at the

[04:15] >> I work with the distrib. I've worked here for about 15 years. Uh I'll spend my some time in operations as a licensed operator. And >> so is is this where I need to cut off the the camera for security stuff or

[04:29] here. So, we just went through a lot of security that I'm not allowed to show >> And it's pretty intense. There's a lady that you'll probably see on camera here in a minute. She's got a rifle. So, I feel com comfortable with that. That's

[04:42] stays safe while they're working here. We don't want any any issues. The wrong >> So, when you come in to work every day, you got to go through that. what do we have here? >> So, these are our two buildings. You'll

[04:54] see the larger building over here is our reactor building. Our shorter building building. reactor building's got the reactors that are that are housed in containment just in case something went arry. And then our turbine building over

[05:07] here is where we got our turbine and our generator where we produce our power. all the lines that are coming out of the plant. That's where we supply 500,000 volts to the valley uh which goes to the substations out there uh to to our homes

[05:20] really. Neutrons, electrons. So the reactor is actually in there. All this. >> Yep. And then that's where distribution the security stuff. It's pretty serious. >> I think so.

[05:35] >> Am I allowed to say what we had to do to get in the building? >> Yeah, >> biometrics. And uh Yeah, that was And not normal biometrics. [laughter]

[05:49] >> Browns fairy nuclear power plant is run by TVA, the Tennessee Valley Authority. the New Deal coming out of the Great Depression to help manage and protect and use the Tennessee Valley's vast waterway system as effectively as

[06:04] possible. And today, it's become a major energy provider in the area, pushing power out to over 10 million people. This plant, Browns Fairy, was constructed in the 1960s and 1970s and is a huge deal for my local community.

[06:18] doymmetry where we would be checked in and given devices called doceimeters that would track our exposure to ionizing radiation as we move throughout the plant. This video is a part of a deep dive series on nuclear power that

[06:32] we're doing here on Smarter Everyday. In a previous video, we learned about these domters when George and I had to undergo radiation training in order to enter the deeper into nuclear power, check out this series. It's pretty cool. You can

[06:46] that, or you can sign up for the email list on smarter everyday.com. And when to you. In an earlier video in the series, we explored EBR1, the first nuclear reactor to generate electricity and put it on the grid. And there's so

[07:01] about in this deep dive, from how we handle radioactive materials to future nuclear technology to how to deal with nuclear waste. In upcoming videos, we're everything we can about this important energy option. But right now, let's get

[07:16] Dustin. >> Dustin, nice to meet you. >> Okay, just one at a time, I'll need you to step into >> Yes, the gym five. >> Okay,

[07:31] >> Little room here. >> And so what what are we doing here? You said your name was >> Amanda. I'm Destin. Yeah. Yes. Uh, issues doymmetry. >> Oh, great. Yes.

[07:43] >> Awesome. So, I go right in here. >> Step in. Face the wall. Or you can >> Three. Two. >> Be careful stepping out. Clean. This >> Be careful stepping out. Clean. This little device as far as it's your domter

[07:58] >> Okay. >> So, when this is read, it has dose on it. And when you log in, you'll have a self-reading dose. It's real time. times, right? >> Well, when you go into the RCA, you'll

[08:13] log into the SRD, but this will be on your person all time. >> Got it. >> And so, do you track this for everybody in the entire plant? >> Anyone who has to go in the RCA? Yes.

[08:25] >> That's amazing. Okay. >> About 2,000. And during an outage could be anywhere from there to 4,000. >> Wow. That's amazing. So, while we're waiting on Doymmetry, this is Angela. >> So, what instructions did they give you?

[08:40] with y'all just in case anything happened and we needed to escort y'all >> Really? >> You you are. Yes. [laughter] >> You're welcome. >> Ma'am,

[08:53] >> Oh, thank you so much. So, this is this is my doseimar. >> Yes. >> Okay. Thank you. >> Okay. Great. Thank you. Are you excited to bond with your domter?

[09:05] to bond with your domter? >> I just can't wait to meet it. [laughter] [laughter] Start clipping stuff to my chins.

[09:18] >> That's why you have the beard. Yeah. >> I'm very excited. Did you see me do a little dance just then? [laughter] >> It's good to have people excited here. >> That's good. [laughter]

[09:33] I'm seeing a lot of beards, man. I don't have a beard. Do they issue you that >> Yes, they do. [laughter] >> He just got a mustache. I don't have here. Bill thought I might find it interesting to check in with some of the

[09:45] people in the executive offices. So, we went upstairs and met Lionel Lockach, >> How you doing? I'm Lionel. >> I'm Destin. Nice to meet you. >> Yeah, pleasure. So, Lionel, I have heard a word over and over ever since I got

[09:59] >> Yes. Yes, I've heard [snorts] the word outage. What does it what is an outage? >> An outage means that so the plant when it's running, it's online. That means we're making power. We're putting it out there in the transmission system. We got

[10:13] to turn the plant off, cool everything down, open everything up so we can fix the valves, fix the motors, fix and do the maintenance of the plant. So, we're generating any electricity. Um, but this is a monster. Three units. Um, and it's

[10:26] a challenge to manage not just the outage, the unit that we have outage. We >> So, it's it's always a challenge and it's a good team. It takes a solid team to manage all this. Uh some of the other sites that may just have one unit a

[10:39] that one unit in an outage. That's all they got to focus on. But we're still producing power with two other units. >> Okay. So, there's three units. So, so >> Yes, sir. >> Okay. And so, what are the unit one,

[10:52] >> Yes, sir. Yeah. Each operating about 4,000 thermal megawatts putting out about 1350 megawatts electric to the grid. What's uh what's going down for >> right now? Unit two is down uh and and and we're refueling that and performing

[11:05] all the work that Lionel uh discussed and uh unit one and three are operating. >> We in a refueling outage. So refueling outage means we are literally taking the spent fuel out putting in the spent fuel pool and we got around 330 new

[11:19] core. So that's it's or you have your coal plants that have railroad cars constantly coming in with coal. We just we can run two years off of a reef off for this outage >> and that's happening today

[11:32] >> Yes, it is. >> And this is why you brought me in on a >> I did. Yes, sir. >> Thank you so much, man. Lionel, thank >> Is this a fuel bundle, Bill? >> Yeah, actually that is a mockup of a

[11:44] fuel bundle. >> So, this is uh this is what we're >> That's right. Yeah. Uh this is a Natrium 11, I believe, is is the style on this fuel rods. Actually, you got a good view of the fuel pellets here also.

[11:58] >> So, these are the pellets. All right. And so, we're we're pulling these things >> Correct. Yeah. >> So, these fuel rods are where the magic happens. And I want to talk about it so much. Someone actually sent me a book

[12:12] series. I opened the book. It's made like a long time ago. Sure enough, the exact reactor for Browns nuclear power plant is in there. Look at that. Those are the fuel bundles. And I have been researching this so much. The thing

[12:26] specifically I want to talk about is the difference between a boiling water reactor, which is what Brownsphere is, and a pressurized water reactor. But we video. But in a future video, we're going to talk to an internationally

[12:39] recognized expert named Bill Williamson. This guy knows so much. We are going to learn this stuff, but this video is just not the place to do it. But for now, this nuclear power plant. >> Trying to hide from us.

[12:55] you. Quinn, >> what's up, Quinn? >> Yeah. So, I'm Destin. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. Yeah. >> All right. So, I met Lionel so far as

[13:07] >> Correct. >> So, I learned about the outage. So, >> Yep. >> Plant No, not plant unit. there? Yeah. So, one of the benefits of the plant manager's office is you have

[13:21] >> Yeah. >> Absolutely real. >> So, you can see two is down, one's at 100% power, three is right about 91% power right now. We're coming back up to 100 from the um outage that we talked

[13:37] >> Okay. So, how long does it take to come up to what is 100% in terms of megawws? >> about 1300 on a good cold river day. >> What do you mean by cold river day? So when the river is cold, it allows us to improve our vacuum and the condenser,

[13:51] >> Really? >> Yeah. It's temperature dependent. So tell me, when you see these dials up here like this, what does that make you me happy. >> Okay. Yeah. And the uh the one in the

[14:08] to every two years you have to take a unit down u to change out a third of the >> and that's what we're doing. That's what you'll go see here in a little bit. Um, so they're they're moving fuel in and out um of the core. And the one on the

[14:25] that? >> Uh, no. I like it to be to match the one in unit one. >> So, what I've been told is that um boring. >> Yeah, absolutely. Absolutely. Hot,

[14:39] there. >> Really? So, steady state. Yeah. >> So, how long does it take to bring a plant down for an outage and then versus up? >> So, the way we do it for refueling

[14:51] outages, it takes about about 12 hours um we start around 9:00 in the morning um derating in steps and then we can go in at various so we're a BWR which is

[15:03] boiling water reactor which means we have contaminated systems uh throughout the whole station. So there's areas that we can't access at 100% power that we can't access at 40% power. So we'll go in at 40%. We'll come down from um like

[15:19] this last time we were coasting, we were down to around 80% power because our fuel was running out. So we were coasting down from 100 down to 80. And then we started our outage. So we came down to around 40 um% power. Took

[15:32] heaters out of service, did some inspections looking for leaks, looking the outage. Um so that we have the right scope for the outage. >> So you start ramping down, right? You take an assessment because you can go

[15:44] >> And then at that time you start planning for the outage. Do you keep it at 40%. >> No. So we come down to around 20% and then insert what we call a manual scram. >> So there's two big red buttons in the control room. You can see those.

[15:59] go in. >> Uhhuh. >> BWR. They come in from the bottom. Um and so it immediately shuts down the reactor. >> Okay. So what is a BWR?

[16:11] >> So boiling water reactor means it's designed to have boiling uh inside the >> Okay. >> Um pressurized water reactors don't have mass boiling in their reactors. They have nuclear boiling which means tiny

[16:24] little bubbles form on the surface of the fuel and then immediately collapse because pressure is so high that it's it doesn't turn to boiling. >> Okay. Um we um essentially are at saturation conditions inside the vessel.

[16:38] saturation conditions inside the vessel. Um so we run around 1,000 lbs 1,000 psig um which equates to what about 500 >> about 570° >> So so even though it's called a boiling water reactor and the other one's called

[16:51] a pressurized water reactor, you're still boiling under pressure here. >> But we're we're designed to have mass boiling. So there we have a a huge pocket of steam inside the pressure vessel which PWRs don't.

[17:05] the steam locomotives, they had a big reservoir up top of steam. >> And so what what temperature will that steam be? 570 you said? Yes, that's right.

[17:18] >> So these are literally the steam tables. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Let's see. saturated steam because every nuclear plant is just a steam plant, right?

[17:30] creating steam to drive a turbine. So, about 550. >> So, you went to uh PSI uh pounds per square inch. You went down

[17:42] >> Right. >> That's where this BWR operates. And then this area >> about 550. Yeah. >> Yep. >> So we're going to see unit 2 open which

[17:59] >> So we're going to see unit 2 open which makes sense because we're in an outage. >> Unit it's flooded up too. You'll be able to see. So as a part of refueling um we take those concrete blocks off. We take the drywall head off. We take the

[18:12] reactor pressure vessel head off and put them on stands. And then we flood up uh flood the water level up equal to the spent fuel pool. And then we remove um some block some shield blocks. And then we just lift the fuel up, move it over

[18:25] and put it down. So it's one big pool. >> Thanks, Quinn. Thank you. What's this? safety equipment for when you get out in the plant. >> Great. >> Oh, we get a lanyard.

[18:40] >> You're doing some form material training. So, uh, one of the things with to make sure that there's nothing that could potentially drop off you and fall on onto the core. We have methods of retrieval, obviously, and if something

[18:53] happened, we'd be okay. But what I want to make sure is that you understand the rules and regulations associated with going over the core, and as far as raw >> So, I don't drop something. That's I'm taking training so I don't drop like

[19:06] That's right. So, I guess the point is I'm not just going over an open nuclear reactor. This is a coordinated event and we're going to have to like be careful >> Okay, cool. Thank you. >> Yep.

[19:21] >> Yep. >> Okay, time to dress out. less clothed. >> Well, you are. [laughter]

[19:34] >> Okay, cool. So, where where are we going exactly? We're We're going over the floor bridge. So, um >> just the What is this? Can we look at >> Yeah, actually that's a really good picture right there. So, what they're

[19:46] uncovered right here. And um >> Yeah. We're going to There's a bridge that's sitting over there and there's almost near about 100 ft of water that's over all that all that fuel and we're

[19:58] essentially that goes over there and and >> Is that what is happening here? Like I'm seeing a camera. Is this on on the crane >> Yeah, that's on the mast on the crane that's all the way down right now.

[20:10] seeing the spent fuel pool. That's where they're at right now. But there's a mass that goes all the way down into the into the core and it'll latch on to the fuel >> So this blue that I'm seeing is is that

[20:22] lighting? >> Well, that's probably lighting over there. You'll see this some sharov when we moved when we pick up another bundle here. You'll probably see it. Um, but uh there is a blue glow that'll be around

[20:35] uh uh the fuel itself. >> So, so is this a crane operator like >> That's right. That there's a you'll see it when we go over the next bundle, but this is there's like an open claw and then there's the camera is in the open

[20:47] claw and then it'll sit down on the bundle and it'll latch onto the bundle. >> Really? Okay, cool. And we're going to And all these are different fuel. Man, it's crazy. So, it's just like the claw game almost. There's They're just kind

[20:59] Yeah, they they've all got um specific places where they're supposed to go. We keep very close track of where everything's at and there's a lot of uh um I guess I'll say poisons, especially in the spent fuel pool um where where we

[21:13] make sure that we can put the fuel and the fuel uh stays subcritical at all >> Oh, so that so this is the this is the reactor. >> and then this is the spent fuel pool. >> Well, they're actually the crane's going

[21:25] point in time. It was in the spent fuel pool. So now you'll see it come over the >> Whoa, that was a cool reveal. That was So this is what the reactor looks like. >> Yep.

[21:38] >> Okay, so I guess this is a question I have. So we've got cameras and uh Philip, you were saying don't use like uh non-cotton fabrics. You're saying that's bad, right? >> Not necessarily bad. Um, synthetic

[21:52] fibers tend to have more static electricity and the static is what radon gets, you know, it will adhere to it. >> So, when the radon attaches to it, I'm because the the RP won't let me, >> right? It'll set off the radiation

[22:07] >> right? It'll set off the radiation detectors and then um you can most of the time you can just let it sit for a little while and it will decay and you day, but >> that that readon is all naturally

[22:20] >> That's not us. >> So So the RP personnel that I learned people that have to scan you so that you can come out, they have to make sure that you're clean. And so a lot of times radon is the stuff that gets on your bag

[22:35] >> Yep. Right. >> Okay. So, >> and same thing with your clothes. If you wear synthetic fibers, you know, polyester, nylon, stuff like that, it does the same

[22:47] bundle out of the core and I think you'll actually see this rankoff effect here when it comes out. >> Really, >> What they're actually what they're doing is they're on the bundle and uh they're

[23:02] got unique identifiers, serial numbers. You can kind of see it right here. on the right bundle and then once he now he's sitting on it and then he'll latch he's got a good hold of it and then he'll bring it up.

[23:15] did this for a little while. Yeah. >> You were What do you call this person? fuel handler. >> Fuel handler. Okay, cool. So he's he's >> Yep. >> And is is there some video we can get of

[23:31] >> Are they recording this yet? >> They are. >> And so now he's flying the bundle or she, whoever it is. >> There's a rankoff effect right there. >> Oh yeah.

[23:49] that was just vacated. >> So, we're about to head to the plant. We're going to swing by RP. They're going to give us a RWP, a radiation go into the plant. We're going to understand our dose limits and all that

[24:03] to the I'll take up to the floor and then when we get up to the floor, you we're doing cuz we're going to go out on the bridge. So, you and I will have another RBP we'll log on to. I have written down the reasons why you should

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[26:06] consider it. anyes.comsmarter. >> Okay. I just had to take a bunch of uh into the pool >> and so I'm hyper aware of that right >> So, one thing we do, I mean, it's taken weeks to get you in here and the only

[26:20] you for a week pretty much before we got in here, right? >> We want to make sure you're prepared. >> Yes. >> How are you, buddy? >> Hey, what's going on?

[26:35] >> he's our valve guy. >> A valve guy? >> you have a whole guy just for valves. >> Yeah, we have a couple guys just for for valves. >> Sitting going,

[26:47] >> we've only got one right now. I'm like, well, that's a little different. >> Yeah, >> that's awesome. That's cool. Thanks. >> guys. I think this is RP.

[27:03] briefing station before we head out into the plant to make sure we understand >> That's good. >> So, when you go to log in, it's going to ask you to scan the front of your domter first. Scan that barcode. Yep. And

[27:16] you're going to scan. It's going to say scan the back. It'll be that barcode. It's going to ask you for a work order number. Type this number right here in 292. Then, it's going to give you a drop-own

[27:30] box. Hit the little arrow and that's going to be the only number that's available. It ends in that 121. Okay, that's going to be y'all's RWP. It's going to get y'all up to the refuel floor traveling through unit one. Be

[27:42] can check in up there. Now, when you get up there, make sure you let them know your set points for your RWP. That's 5 millm dose alarm and 40 millm per hour dose rate alarm. That's fairly low to be going on the refuel floor. So, that

[27:56] allow you to go or if they want y'all to be on a different RWP with higher set >> 5 and 40. [clears throat] >> 5 and 40. you talk to up there know that. >> Y.

[28:13] >> Let's get you one of these. >> So, we can grab any of them. >> Well, we want a smaller one. We don't want a screamer. >> Yeah. So, if you're in like a high noise area.

[28:26] >> Okay. So, we're going to go to a white trip ticket area. Anyone that says white >> Put your put your doimeter in there first.

[28:40] >> Yep. And then it's going to ask you to scan the back. >> Now, this is where you pull up your view your RWP. So, click view RWP.

[28:53] about earlier in the training, right? >> Mhm. >> Mhm. So, every worker does this.

[29:05] >> And then you're going to put that right next to your DR. >> Sounds great. Here we go. About to go in. So, you've been saying for years you >> No. I I really didn't think Bill would pull this off. [laughter]

[29:19] >> So, we're actually about to do it, which is a pretty big deal. Bill, are you >> Uh, let's not give me all the credit because I if this goes ary, I don't want [laughter]

[29:32] take a camera into a place like this. >> It is a huge deal. Yeah. >> That's what I'm talking about, buddy. >> It's exciting. [laughter] All right. So, here's what we're going to do. We're going to go in the RCA.

[29:47] will go in last. Just make sure you're all good. You get the green light and we'll go in. >> Okay. Now, you got your you got your >> Safety glasses, >> hearing protection, DLR, and your dad,

[30:00] >> Good to go. >> Great. loud. Okay. >> Yes, sir.

[30:14] >> Yes, sir. >> All right. You all ready? Let's go.

[30:29] >> We are actively in the RCA. That's correct. >> It's very clean. It is

[31:07] into is the secondary containment area. Right. You'll notice that there's some watertight doors. We do this intentionally because this is our absolute last means if something bad happened, that's where we keep it all.

[31:19] just to make sure we keep all the containment products inside secondary containment if something were to happen. So that's why you see the doors like >> So that's an air and a water door. >> A flow tight. Yeah. It's not really an

[31:32] >> A flow tight. Yeah. It's not really an air door. It's mostly a water. I see. >> Yeah, we're going to have to badge in. So, I'm first in.

[31:52] less traffic over this. Hey, before we go any further, when you see the floor drains, don't step on those. They're a lot of times contaminated. Okay? So, be

[32:04] lot of times contaminated. Okay? So, be looking for floor drains.

[32:20] of these accumulators which will assist the control rod to enter the vessel uh in the event screen. >> Got it. So they're individual pressure >> effectively. Yes. >> Okay.

[32:37] >> At some point in time, the surface is is is is most likely not from where we're at, but inside those drains, there may be some contamination. We don't know. We pre-releasing it is very difficult. So, we just say stay out of it.

[32:52] >> Don't touch it. Got it. I'm getting no dose.

[33:04] suspect they're going to ask us for and then we'll head up to the refill floor. >> Okay. >> RWP. >> I'm on uh 25200

[33:19] >> Is that how I would say that to you? What what RWP you on? >> It's more like how long till lunch? That's what we normally talk about. That's what we normally talk about. >> Yeah. [laughter] something like that.

[33:37] point in time. That's how we used to control the speed of the research pumps moved over to the research drives, but >> easier just to leave them there. >> Yep.

[33:50] >> Yep. >> Abandon in place. Interesting. So, we're going to dress out here. Uh, no. We'll we'll take our get uh briefed up there, but we're going to grab our booties and everything here.

[34:04] us? >> I can. Yeah. >> Stay that way. >> No.

[34:16] >> I have no clear plastic. >> Thank you. >> Thank you. >> Thank you.

[34:30] >> Good. How are you? >> So, you're the RP? >> If there's one thing I learned in that training is to say Mother May I to you [laughter] >> Oh, really?

[34:44] >> Is going to love these guys. >> We've been briefing them off. him. the whole >> What do you think they're going to do to >> You're going to get the rigs trying to get all that stuff out of the

[34:59] >> Trying to get that on the bridge. >> Yeah. >> A lot of straps. >> A lot of straps. >> Trenton. >> Tread. I'm Dustin. Nice to meet you. I

[35:12] that again. That's a better one. >> How long you been here in in terms of >> Really? >> I know. I'm going to going to bring together the other guys up to the the uh crow's nest.

[35:26] bridge. >> So, your RP get your IP 18504. >> Always be nice to people on the elevator. They might be your RP later. >> Now, I got to ask you what your RWP is.

[35:41] >> starting now. >> 121. >> Is that it? You get the sheet. >> That's my work order. It's 12512929210.

[35:53] Your RWP is 121. >> Yeah, 121's my work order. >> RWP. Dum it. >> What's your ID number on that? >> What's your ID number on that? >> My ID number is 37467.

[36:07] >> My ID number is 37467. So you 25, like I said, you 25200 0 92. The dose alarm is 60 mill. The dose rate alarm is 250 m per hour. >> All right, this is what RWP looks like when you go to look at it. Got your

[36:22] description. This for refuel activities. Uh it's for high radiological risk. So this will gain you entry into higher radiation areas. Even though we don't radiation areas. Even though we don't have one post where y'all will be at,

[36:36] but just in case moving things throughout the water, uh, high realological risk is a possibility, which is why your dose alarm will be the >> So, the area where you'll be where you'll be at on the bridge.

[36:51] panel. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> You look at this top right panel here. people on here? >> Yes, sir.

[37:05] >> That's where y'all will be at. >> Yes, sir. >> Yes, sir. >> So, do rates up there are about 1 to 2 millime an hour. So, that's where we come to our dose rate alarm. Your dose

[37:18] come to our dose rate alarm. Your dose rate alarm is set at 250 mill an hour. to that at all >> cuz of the water. >> Cuz the water is your shield. water as your mediator. Um, we have stop work

[37:31] your mediator. Um, we have stop work criteria. Uh, the event of a dose alarm criteria. Uh, the event of a dose alarm or un an unanticipated dose rate alarm will notify RP. That's a microphone. >> Oh, I was having a hard time hearing

[37:44] >> Oh, there we go. Yeah. Stop work criteria. Uh, in the event of dose or a dose rate alarm, uh, immediately notify RP. Um, stop work. We'll leave the area.

[37:57] RP. Um, stop work. We'll leave the area. Uh we have uh air monitors on the north side. So if you hear those go off and you'll hear them go off, that means everyone in the sea zone or on the floor will evacuate and we'll help that

[38:11] transition and we'll go we'll leave the floor entirely. >> Will RP be on the bridge? >> We will have RP in the zone and they will be covering the bridge. We have telemetry

[38:24] um so we can constantly monitor so we can constantly monitor uh the dose rates in the area. little dose rates.

[38:37] >> Yes sir. >> So that's for inside the 360 platform and that's for on the bridge. So, if you look back to um our screen over here,

[38:49] look back to um our screen over here, uh you'll notice on the left camera, there's a 360 platform here. So, we have RDS uh 31s monitoring the dose uh where

[39:01] the workers are actively working in the 360. So, this just helps us see the progress progression of dose rates in the area from afar. That way we can let

[39:14] going on. >> So you've got instrumentation right there and we're going to be on the bridge right there with where they are. >> And then so you're monitoring it in real time and because the RWP is active, you

[39:29] >> Okay. >> Yeah. So it's everyone's covered all the way around both ways and backwards. >> Sounds good. And so right now I've had nothing. >> All right. And now you're about to sign

[39:43] >> All right. And now you're about to sign off out here and sign on to cuz you probably come up on what? 71. >> Uh it came up on 121. >> 121. So we're going to sign on to uh 25200

[39:55] 92. >> Yes sir. And and then my my rate alarm >> Right. So your your your set points will change. You'll go to a dose alarm of 60 an hour.

[40:08] >> Nice to meet you, Christian. >> Nice to meet you. >> All right. Now that you stop back by this window, we've got a full brief on >> Yes, sir. >> Um the dose alarm and dose rate alarm.

[40:24] Um we usually typically what we do is say, "Hey, um what's your dose alarm?" You repeat back to me what the dose alarm is, which would be 250. And then I >> 60. >> And you say 250.

[40:38] >> It's 250 milligram per hour. >> Yes, that's correct. >> 60? >> It was 60. So I said that backwards. >> Yes. >> So the dose rate alarm is 250

[40:50] >> and the dose limit is 60. Yes, sir. >> Mill. >> One's mill and one's mill per hour. >> Yes, sir. So, so the dress out is going to be a full dress out with uh the uh single dress out with the hood and uh on

[41:06] the bridge and that's to protect you cuz you going to go into a contaminated area. Contamination levels in the area on the bridge is less than 1,000 DPM 17 on the bridge is less than 1,000 DPM 17 square up to 2,000 DPM 17 square going.

[41:20] So low level contamination uh minimal dress out that would be we this will be the minimal dress out. >> So we're not going to be quite to the level he is? >> He's the same dress out that has

[41:34] >> you want a hood on his skull cap? Yes. >> Okay. Get a hood on. >> Appreciate it guys. >> Okay. So my max is 60, my rate is 250. in the hood and skull cap, >> right? And then I guess a little

[41:47] tougher. 80% of 60. >> 80% of 60 is uh 40. Hold on. It's 60 minus 12, which is 48. >> 48. Yeah.

[42:00] >> Okay. >> So that'll be the time you have to evacuate. >> Yes, sir. So other than that, uh >> Yes, sir. So other than that, uh uh Christian brief you on the uh dose

[42:14] rates on the bridge and now you have the information for the contamination levels on the bridge. You did a reverse briefing. Uh is there any uh questions >> I have a question for you guys. What do you guys think I'm going to get dosewise

[42:29] while I'm in there? >> You know, around about 0.5 mill per hour >> 0.5. What do you think my total is going to be? It's going to be based on time. and you going to be in there an hour. >> Okay. Okay. Cool. Thank you. Appreciate

[42:44] >> Not going to be in there an hour. [laughter] it. Thanks, Christian. What was your >> All right. >> Sorry.

[42:59] >> We're on the refuel floor now. >> We're on the refill floor. best place to be. >> Are you going into foreign material? >> Yeah, that's what I was trying to figure

[43:12] >> how to go about it. >> Um, >> I met Jeffrey from FME or foreign materials exclusion. I didn't really time, but he was starting a process that was happening in the background. He

[43:28] looked at all the cameras that I wanted to take out over the reactor and he started working a solution for how to attach them to me. Why don't we come up? attach them to me. Why don't we come up? Come up here.

[43:52] We're in a really interesting place, but everybody's all business. You got three units up here. You can see all three units spent fuel pools. You

[44:07] like that. The we're currently in refueling operations on unit two right now. They're right over the fuel pool and they're moving uh either blade this point in time. They're actually in the process of shuffling their fuel.

[44:22] the process of shuffling their fuel. >> Okay. So, I didn't realize when I heard nuclear fuel unit 123 or nuclear reactor units 123. I didn't realize it was all >> Yeah. >> Yeah. It's a big big big building.

[44:39] >> That's right. >> That's a fuel pool. >> That's right. >> That's a reactor. And then what do I have going the other way? Oh, square. >> Fuel pool and a reactor. It looks two

[44:51] >> Why are these fuel pools next to each other? constructed. They just constructed unit one and two as mirror objects of each other and then they some at some point in time during initial construction they

[45:04] and then just mirrored unit two again. So it's just from an an original design. when? >> Back in the mid60s. >> Mid60s. That's amazing. I can kind of I can see into the pool. I can see the

[45:19] tops of uh I need to flip my camera to a tighter camera, I think. Let me do that. So, there's a nuclear reactor around that that ring. It's in the center of >> That's unit one, correct? >> Here's the fuel pool

[45:34] for unit two. Now, is this spent fuel or >> Yeah, the square is the spent fuel. That's correct. >> Okay. And then the reactor's right there. Right now, are we taking fuel out of the reactor or are we putting it in?

[45:47] So, it's a little bit combination of both. We actually we we have 764 bundles in the core, right? And we only get about 350 new bundles every refueling average every every every couple years. So, we actually reuse the fuel for about

[46:01] 6 years. So, they call it a shuffle. You may be moving a once burnt fuel is what different location in the core. >> Got it. Right now, the main priority for fuel cell one is to move the fuel in an

[46:14] access the parts of the core that we want to do maintenance on. through I see a lot of people in this room. I see a lot of people doing different things. Uh this looks like there's a lot of equipment over here

[46:29] >> Is this a monitoring station? >> Yep. >> Yep. >> Okay. So, it's monitoring uh radiation. So, I don't see any people here. I see these

[46:41] getting ready to do something. >> Yeah. So, you got a bunch of groups that are working here. You've got some uh uh I'll say work management individuals down here. These people are doing >> these guys are are tracking helping

[46:53] making sure that they're on the right bundles, etc. They're also tracking the center. >> Ah, that's why people are coming in and >> That's right. They're just tracking the work of what's going on. That's really

[47:06] >> You got a bunch of boiler makers out there that their job is to um vessel. >> Is that is that who you're seeing here? there. There's there's a bunch of miscellaneous stuff. If anything that

[47:21] like that outside of the bridge, you got boiler makers involved. You got for material uh individuals out there that are tracking what for material is going >> Okay. And then up on the bridge, they're over the reactor now. I'm seeing some

[47:35] people right at the edge of the reactor. >> Yeah, those guys are actually uh part of our in vessel inspection team. And what they do is they go and they have cameras that they put in the core, look at our nozzles, look at our welds, look at our

[47:48] all that stuff to make sure that the uh there's no that the life of the core is uh maintained. >> Got it. And uh that's an individual on the on the bridge right there. Is that

[48:01] That would be the the fuel handler himself. Yes. beside the fuel handler. >> So you've always got a fuel handler. And then you have a licensed senior reactor operator to authorize uh the

[48:15] fuel moves that are occurring. >> Wow. So is there like a physicist somewhere? Like is there like a a really smart nuclear physicist around the room another room. >> That's what they're called nukes.

[48:28] engineers. And they're in another room outside of here. They just stay remove Right. So I see. >> So they're and I could take it to them there and they're watching all this and uh they have worked with our corporate

[48:42] fuels guys to figure out what the appropriate way to shuffle the core is. >> Gotcha. Okay. And so these people over here, if you'll look at my camera screen, those people just went into the C zone. You call it the C zone. That

[48:54] correct. >> Okay. So somebody's coming out. So, he's about to come down and and drobe. What What do you call the act of taking off someone handed him something?

[49:08] into the uh uh C-Zone area. So, he passes what's in and once it goes in, out. >> Okay. I noticed the bridge just moved. >> Okay. I noticed the bridge just moved. And uh what is happening now? So, is is

[49:22] he he's above the reactor itself? Yeah, it looks like he's going down to get a fuel bundle at this point in time in the port.

[49:36] shoot. >> Oh, he can go straight through. >> You call that the cattle shoot? >> Yeah, it's just like it's a just a gate that we can come through >> and uh he'll have the fuel at the end of

[49:50] that crane and then he'll put it in the appropriate location to spent fuel pull. So, what is the coordinate system for where the fuel is located? show you. >> Yeah, I'd love to see that in just a

[50:03] >> I want to watch what he does here real quick. they want to go either in the core or the spent fuel pool. The bridge will and then he'll call out the core location or or the uh spent fuel pool

[50:19] peer check will agree with them. They'll lower it and before they latch or authorization that it's appropriate. >> I actually see the hole he's about to >> There's some Yeah, there's some lighting down there so they can see where they're

[50:34] working. >> I can see what he's trying to align to.

[50:46] >> Should we talk to him? >> Sure. >> Hey, Sarah. I just backed down that ladder cuz I saw >> Yeah, that's why. >> So, do you know why you did that?

[50:59] >> So, this uh sign right here says, "Hey, this is a ship's ladder." Um the incline isn't appropriate for you to walk up it normally. So, you've got to maintain >> That's >> So, he should have seen that you had all

[51:14] this equipment on you and he should have said, "Hey, Austin." Say "Hey, Dustin, make sure you secure your equipment and maintain your points for >> Hi, I'm Sarah. >> I'm Destin. Nice to meet you,

[51:29] >> Sarah. I'm kind of torn right now because uh I a I want to appreciate you for for doing that, but also I can tell that you're kind of talking smack to >> No. No. Well, >> no. Coaching is coaching. That's how we

[51:43] >> No, it's up and down. >> Like 100% this is normal. >> And if this is your first time in nuclear power plant. turn this on. >> Sarah, what's your role at the plant

[51:57] >> I'm a senior nuclear reactor operator and I'm a fuel handling supervisor. Um, I just came off of unit 2's refuel bridge and we're in the process of refueling unit 2. Uh, we're in the process of 202 fuel moves in fuel

[52:12] process of 202 fuel moves in fuel shuffle number one. Um, I'm providing direct oversight of the fuel handling uh fuel handlers. So, there's uh two people here where the uh mast is and then there's Allison who's got the red

[52:26] gloves. She's my counterpart. She's just taken shift. So, she's the fuel handling supervisor providing oversight of the fuel handling of the fuel movers. >> That's right. They're operating underneath her license and her

[52:39] >> So, she's a reactor operator. She is a senior nuclear reactor operator. That's just a normal reactor operator and a senior? senior? >> Uh you have a technical specification um

[52:53] >> Uh you have a technical specification um responsibility that you maintain um that license. >> So So Sarah, you had to train to be a >> What's your background? >> Uh I went to Mississippi State. I was a

[53:07] biology chemistry major and um I joined the National Guard. I deployed to Iraq. I came back and uh my husband had come to Huntsville. So I transferred all my hours to UAH. Uh I finished up my degree there. Um

[53:21] >> In biology and chemistry. They were not hiring in Huntsville. So I decided to uh work on my PhD in biotechnology. And finally TVA came for a uh a job fair.

[53:34] They were not looking for engineers. They were looking for biology chemistry majors. And so I hired on here at TVA as a chemist a chem. And uh I celebrated 16 years here at Browns Ferry just in February. And so I worked for nine years

[53:50] as a chemistry technician. I became a supervisor and then uh three years ago I went to uh transition into operations which is a two-year training program and operator for about 18 months. >> That's awesome. Well congratulations.

[54:05] Thank you so much. That's there's a lot there. It is. Yeah. >> So, how long will it take them to do the refueling in total? >> Well, we break it up into small pieces. Uh, Rounds Ferry actually holds the the

[54:18] record at one point in time for a refueling outage of taking the vessel apart, changing out, putting it all back together, I think maybe 12 days. Bill can correct me. We have that uh we have the record on that. However, this

[54:31] refueling outage is scheduled for about 30 days because when you shut a nuclear reactor down, you had to do all this maintenance that you can't do while online. So, imagine driving your car. You can't change the tires while driving

[54:43] your car. You got to stop it, lift it up, change out the tires. So, we're do while online. >> Okay. So, to be a So, that one's an >> But this one's operating, right? >> 100%.

[54:57] >> It literally is 100%. Literally 100% a nuclear reactor loves being at 100%. And just hot, fast, and normal all the way. >> So I I would have thought that I would be seeing something coming out of there, but it's it's it's got a cap on it,

[55:11] right? >> Well, so this is the spent fuel pool. Over here, where all that stuff is on top of it are the shield blocks, and the reactor is kind of hidden all the way down there inside a dry well, and then

[55:24] down there inside a dry well, and then the uh the reactor head on top of it. >> the the big sphere, >> the big dome. >> That is the uh the drywall head for unit two. And around the corner is the

[55:38] >> That would sit inside of it. >> But we're not going to see that because >> Um I don't know. Bill might be able to take you along this way in the clean over there. >> Okay. Interesting. So, the fact that

[55:53] you're refueling is the one time you get to see the reactors open. So, this is a very special time that we're here. >> That's right. When you are riding this bridge and you're looking down into the vessel, it's really really neat. It's

[56:06] just it's a it's just there. And you guys are here at a great time. The water's uh really still. We're not uh doing a lot of inspections right now. >> Really? Do you have any recommendations of things I should look for if I'm going

[56:20] going to look for the blue Cherov radiation. Uh you're going to watch for um you're going to watch for how the people operate. So, don't just think

[56:32] think about how you're seeing people operate, how we work together as a team operate, how we work together as a team to make sure it's safe, error-free. Um clear. >> So, the communication is very clear

[56:44] >> It's kind of like aviation where there's a call and a call back kind of thing. communication. You send it, they say it back, and you tell them if it's right or >> That's right. >> Okay, that's awesome. And and what is

[56:56] senior reactor operator? >> That's Allison Voya. She and I actually background, she's an engineer. She's providing direct oversight of the uh providing direct oversight of the uh fuel handlers. Um and so there's Bill's

[57:10] about it because Bill did our, you know, my job um before he changed into being a tell you everything. He's ridden that bridge. He's done this job. But oversight to make sure that we have no mistakes at all.

[57:26] >> Okay. So, Sarah, I've got a question for you. So, you've done all the stuff you've done. You're a you're a reactor operator. That's right. You've moved operator. That's right. You've moved fuel rods. Are you comfortable with a

[57:38] nuclear reactor in your backyard here in in North Alabama? Like, do you feel >> 100%. I have three. >> I take pride in it. When people are like, "Oh, there's a nuclear power plant where I'm like, oh, southwest of Athens.

[57:52] Do you like having electricity?" Two million homes. Like I roll up into some reactor operator. You're welcome for the lights." [laughter] >> But you feel like it's all safe. Like, you know, people make mistakes and I'

[58:05] I've something I've wondered about like if if this is a man-made system and people made this and people do make mistakes, how how do you know it's safe? Is it because of the procedures or operations or how do you why do you why

[58:18] are you comfortable with it? >> So, we sweat the small stuff. I I just Did you think that >> she did? Yeah. uh told about a ladder, but that's that's it. And we're always watching out

[58:31] for each other. Bill's like three levels above me, but he he take, you know, he should have, you know, looked out for someone like that. >> So, it's culture. It is um the one of the great things about nuclear power is

[58:46] uh um being able to raise concerns without the fear of retribution and us knowing that we live here. This is our home. We had to take care of it. to raise concerns without

[59:00] >> uh so uh it's called Skewi. It's the safety conscious work environment. It's something that the nuclear power um NRC mandates that we have. If we had any concern, we can always bring it up. And if you don't have a if you don't feel

[59:13] that anyone is acknowledging your concern, you go to the next level. If you have to do it anonymous, if you had to go straight to the NRC, you can. But no one is going to turn you away on a safety conscious on a safety concern.

[59:27] >> Yeah. And you went to Mississippi State. I did. anywhere, did you? >> Uh, no, but uh it would be great if I >> Okay, great. Okay, great. So, this is your core map, and it's got every fuel

[59:39] the crosses. Those are where your control rods normally sit at. >> How many How many fuel rods are there? >> 764 bundles on each core. >> That's right. >> That is way more than I thought.

[59:53] >> That's way more than I thought. Okay. And you said the crosses are the >> That's right. >> Okay. And so, so Okay. So, this is rod.

[1:00:05] How do I say this? It's just an XY and XY map, right? So that'll be rod 4732 is what we call >> 4732. And and what is the unit? >> 4732. And and what is the unit? >> Uh just core location. It's an arbitrary

[1:00:17] unit that we put up of mapping. >> I see. Got it. Okay. So what when we to see? Are they're going to say go get this rod and go put it in this in the >> Yeah, they'll say come into core location 1740. And then you'll have

[1:00:33] they're going to go to the next control or the next fuel bundle. Then they'll go over that location, say we're on top of location, and they'll lower the mass to they'll look to make sure that the fuel bundle and the location, the serial

[1:00:47] number we showed earlier, all that matches. Then once everybody concurs, engage on the bundle." Then they'll engage, bring the bundle up, and then in the spent fuel pool. >> So who is who is doing that? like who's

[1:01:02] who >> So, there's a fattif that we have. There's a This is This is what Jessica's keeping track of. They have a manual one keeping track of. They have a manual one on on that bridge. They've also got a uh

[1:01:15] um automate the bridge is automated now, right? So, there's actually >> Yeah, this information is loaded into >> Yeah. So, there's a computer on the sure that it's >> So, Jessica, I noticed uh I see that mic

[1:01:29] for just a second. So these are fuel bundles moving from one to the location >> That is showing them that they're going to pick this up from a reactor location and then they are taking it to a location in the spent fuel pool.

[1:01:43] something to you. >> Yes. This is where that fuel bundle this rest. >> I see. And it'll be there for 2 years or something like that. >> Well, not necessarily. Uh it could be it

[1:01:56] just on this first fuel shuffle. This is where it's going to rest. It could be picked up and taken back away. >> I see. Okay. Bill and I are about to go up on the bridge, which is a pretty big deal.

[1:02:08] He's getting our work order number. >> Scroll down to RWP92. Yep. >> 6250. We'll hit yes. And yes. >> All right. So, that reset my domter. >> It did.

[1:02:22] >> Okay. >> And then we'll come over here and we'll get dressed out. I'm constantly thinking about where I set things down. now, right? >> Yep.

[1:02:34] >> Thank you, >> Justin. We don't wear our hard hats >> Where we're going, so you can take that off right now while we're getting >> I'll put it on this rack. >> Thank you. Do I need I'm good without

[1:02:47] >> Okay, great. >> Christian's a smart cookie, isn't he? >> He Well, they all are. >> Man, I wanted to Everything got itchy can scratch yourself. >> Can I scratch?

[1:02:59] >> Oh, great. >> Scratch away. the top of this. >> Yeah, hood over the top. You look pretty good. I got my dad. I got my TLD. We're good.

[1:03:13] >> My TLD. Okay, cool. >> All set to go. >> Validate. You ready to go? >> Yep. validate jaw are on RWP 2520092

[1:03:27] >> and your dose alarm is >> 250 dose alarm is 60 dose rate alarm is >> dose rate alarm is 250 millgram per hour >> that's correct >> so you are good to go >> thank you

[1:03:41] >> thank you >> entering the zone >> no so so It's right here against your chest. So, what you'll do is you'll just

[1:03:54] >> Roger that. >> Just like that. >> So, y'all go you try that out. >> You ready? >> I'm ready.

[1:04:12] >> I'm going to hand this to you, Bill. Okay.

[1:04:28] >> You don't have any questions people and there's another radiation detection >> Yeah. >> Thank you. Thank you. zone. >> We're in the C zone. The contaminated

[1:04:43] >> So, this is the top of the reactor. >> Make sure you hold a handrail. Hey, hold >> This is actually the dry well right here. This is the drywall cover.

[1:04:58] right? These are our FME guys are going to help us out to make sure that we can to help us out to make sure that we can get on inside that FME buffer zone. >> Well, how are you? We're >> good. Get y'all to sign this. Yes, sir.

[1:05:19] >> you remember me saying the foreign material exclusion people wanted to make sure I didn't drop anything into the reactor? Well, to do that, it required a lot of straps attached to a lot of gear attached to me. And we even had to

[1:05:32] help us make it happen. You >> take the other one? Yeah. Take this. >> Phillip. Bill's been with us for a long time.

[1:05:45] >> Has he? >> Now, by signing this paper, y'all acknowledge all the rules and requirements of the FB zone, correct? >> Y'all have no loose jewelry, no earplugs on. You have chunks on your glasses? I

[1:05:57] >> All right. Now, when y'all go in there, y'all understand everything that is >> Yes, sir. >> Yes. And these are to remain on your >> All right. Y'all understand everything to do to mitigate that new risk?

[1:06:11] >> Yes, sir. Brian, right? >> Yes, sir. >> Thank you, Brian. >> What we do once they get back over spent fuel will uh acknowledge them and let them know we're coming on the bridge and

[1:06:24] us. >> I'm going to hold this and I'll hand it >> I'm just It's It's recording now. Just letting you know. at places. If you find something interesting, feel free to point it or

[1:06:37] don't before y'all walk in. I need to look at the bottom of your feed. Make that. >> Right before you walk in first. >> Okay. So, we're not in the zone yet. >> We are in the C zone. We are not in that

[1:06:50] >> That's right. >> Yeah. Okay. the cleaner. Once he puts it in the cleaner, we'll have about 30 second >> Philip, what's your role here? >> I'm a OS boiler maker.

[1:07:04] >> A boiler maker. >> Oage service technician. this man disassembles the reactor vessel >> He knows exactly what he's doing. >> Okay. So he's humble, too.

[1:07:16] >> All right, Brian. Good. Good. Good. Enjoy yourself, sir.

[1:07:32] reactor right there. >> That's the reactor. >> We got waved on by the SRO. >> Go ahead, Dustin. You go in front of me. >> Go ahead, Dustin. You go in front of me. >> Yes, sir.

[1:07:55] >> Hello. >> Doing well. How are you? >> We're at the cleaner. >> Where would you like me? >> Yes, sir. >> So, you're in a a really unique spot. I

[1:08:07] have never seen anybody Never taken anybody up here for this >> This is a big deal. >> It's a huge deal. >> So, right now you're over the spent fuel pool. You can see we have coordinates.

[1:08:21] If you really look carefully, you'll see on the walls u a map of of uh of where on the walls u a map of of uh of where we're putting the spent fuel pull racks >> Yeah. Just try to be careful not to lean over the the uh rails with the

[1:08:36] over the the uh rails with the >> Can I swap with you, Philip? Yeah. >> Hand for me and I'm going to hand you this and I'm going to stay with you. You just keep that one around your wrist. I'll keep this one and I'll stay

[1:08:49] >> Yes, sir. >> I'm going to look at We're pulling one >> No, they're washing one. >> Now, hey, listen. That bridge will jar a >> You're tell Oh, you're you're telling me it's going to move. Don't freak out.

[1:09:02] >> When it does move, hold on to everything cuz I don't want you to think >> Okay. >> When that fuel bundle comes up out of that when that's sticking down in there when it when it comes up out of there.

[1:09:20] it coming up. >> Oh my goodness. I can see that you're in. >> Yeah. they'll make it take it and put it in a fuel rack.

[1:09:32] >> It's free right now. I can see it's out of the hole.

[1:09:49] >> That's an old rod. How do you know? >> It was You can tell how it's burnt. See >> Yes, sir. >> See the tops? They're shiny over there. difference, but they'll be shiny like that all the way down. Oh,

[1:10:01] shiny. Meaning >> they're all new fuel rod. They're those >> These are all old. A lot of this is empty, right? it down the pour and place them there. >> So that blue glow I'm seeing is the

[1:10:14] sharing radiation. >> That is correct. >> That is correct. >> That's correct.

[1:10:27] >> And not dropping it. I'm Okay. What is he doing now, Phil? putting it in the fuel rack. >> Yep.

[1:10:40] >> Most people thinks the radiation's green, but it's, as you can see, it's >> Yeah. >> Philip said most people think the >> Philip said most people think the radiation's green, but it's blue.

[1:10:52] >> And all the shirts green. It ain't really level with you, man. You got a you got an Alabama accent. >> been here all my life? >> Been here all your life?

[1:11:05] >> Been here all your life? >> Yeah. >> What just happened, Phillip? >> They released it. >> They released it. >> He released it. Now he's coming up.

[1:11:17] >> It is. We got two cameras. >> Are we going to the reactor now? >> Can you turn around this way, Bill, and just face that way? Show >> me right here. Let me come with you. >> Yeah. Swap cameras with me. the camera

[1:11:32] apologize. >> That's okay. through the cattle shoot in order to get into the core. >> Yeah.

[1:11:48] >> You are now officially over a reactor vessel and refueling operations. vessel and refueling operations. >> Oh my goodness.

[1:12:10] with the camera. That's what they're working on. They're trying to get a a camera down to inspect the welds on the >> They're doing the vessel. They're They're working. We call them IVBI. They're doing inspections of the welds

[1:12:22] reactive vessel barrel. >> Really? >> Let's get out of Allison's way. >> Sorry, Alison. location. They're going over core location to pick up a bundle.

[1:12:39] >> I'm going to stay right here unless somebody tells me to move. >> Uh, I'd say probably somewhere between 80 and 100 ft of water.

[1:12:51] >> So earlier Sarah had talked about the importance of communication on the environments like aircraft before where they do this call and response or the positive communication, but I didn't expect it the way it was happening on

[1:13:05] people spread out and they all had different tasks and they were all being very clear about what they were doing. So it's like there was this tone on the bridge that was different and I could feel that I was in the way but I was off

[1:13:20] to the side. So, they were like letting me be there with Philip and Bill, but at the same time, you could just feel the professionalism of the people around you. And of course, I wanted to be that way because we're literally moving

[1:13:32] way because we're literally moving nuclear fuel rods in a reactor, which is awesome. Okay, this is footage from inside the pressure vessel. The reactor core is just down below us. This is what the team is actually doing. These are

[1:13:46] video cameras that are in the water with the nuclear reactor. Obviously, it's not But this kind of blows my mind that we're even able to see this. Let's take a look at what they're doing. Browns is in the middle of a nuclear refueling

[1:14:00] outage, right? So, they're moving fuel rods. This thing is called the refuel bridge crane or sometimes called the main hoist. This person is operating the hoist, which can go up and down and rotate on its axis. The hoist is

[1:14:13] connected to the whole bridge, which can move in X and Y. Now, at the end of the hoist, there's a couple of cameras and a grapple. The first camera is offset just a bit, mounted behind the grapple with a bit of a wide view. It offers context

[1:14:27] exactly where they are. The second camera is right on the end of the grapple, so the operator gets a close-up view of exactly the thing they're picking up. And they also get feedback on how the grapple is gripping the item.

[1:14:40] Let's watch them actually grab a fuel rod. Using a computer-controlled indexing system, the mast is automatically moved into the position coordinates that they typed in. They then fly in and they use the coaxial

[1:14:53] camera to verify they are where they want to be. They then approach carefully and look closely at the fuel bundle. Using the camera at the end of the mass, they then verify the serial number on the top of the fuel bundle handle. And

[1:15:06] then once they're satisfied with that and everything's correct, they then lock onto the handle with a grapple. After they verify they have a solid grip on the fuel bundle, they can then extract it. They can then do any number of

[1:15:18] things with the bundle. They can use other cameras to inspect it. They can move it. They can rotate it. They can even put it in an ultrasonic cleaner. For every four fuel bundles that are in the reactor core, there's a control rod

[1:15:32] in the shape of a plus or a cross. It's called a crucifform control rod, and it's inserted from the bottom of the reactor. That's what stops the reaction. Because these control rods are so long. If they ever remove more than two

[1:15:45] bundles, that control rod could wobble. So to control this wobble, they have these things called blade guides. Anytime there's two or more bundles removed from a certain grid, they insert these blade guides to hold the control

[1:15:58] rod in position. If you look down into the core, you can see these bright shiny spots. Now, I thought those were new fuel rods, but they're actually blade guides. You'll notice that they're always in sets of two. The operators say

[1:16:10] like wiggling a pair of pants and trying holes. It's pretty hard, they say. Now, while all this fuel rod movement is happening, there's this other team that Bill told us about, the IVVI team, which

[1:16:24] stands for in vessel visual inspection team. They're using a bunch of cameras on jib arms. You can see one of those cameras here. You see it's got a long arm and it can articulate. They use these cameras to closely inspect the

[1:16:37] mechanical integrity of the reactor vessel and any of its components. Watching them do this is so awesome and it made me really respect the process that's going on here. Everything that's done has a crazy attention to detail

[1:16:50] about it and it's clear that these nuclear industry workers really care about getting everything exactly right. Now that we understand what we're doing, let's just watch the team in action. They're about to take a rod from

[1:17:04] the reactor core and they're going to put it over in the spent fuel pool. >> I want to scratch my nose so bad. Don't do it. I will not. Philip, what's he doing, man? Did he just grab it?

[1:17:17] >> Yeah, he's coming up. >> Is that a light in the pool? >> Yeah, we have cavity lights >> and he changed the orientation. >> He did. He just rotated it back. >> Does orientation matter? The edges. Yes.

[1:17:32] >> Why does it matter? >> Because when you put four in there, you >> Because when you put four in there, you got to have them orientated right.

[1:18:14] we're going through. Shoot. Yes, sir. >> Cattle shoot. Yep.

[1:18:42] >> That's a very hot rod. >> Yes. >> Back on them out of the water. Wouldn't no longer be here. None of us up there. >> Really? >> Really?

[1:18:56] neutrons right now. >> At least 6 and 1/2 ft or below.

[1:19:19] verifying the location where they're putting it. They read the serial the rack number. You say they putting it in golf. See golf. >> Yep.

[1:19:34] >> See the numbers on the racks over here? >> I see the letters. Yeah. I'm going to look at his letters. numbers over here, letters over here. They keep up with the location that we put them. When we do a fuel poop uh dry cast, we'll put them in

[1:19:49] fuel poop uh dry cast, we'll put them in and know which ones to get.

[1:20:06] >> So that was golf 11. >> Yep. So we were in golf

[1:20:23] >> 11 back 13 12 11. Yep. >> So now he's releasing. >> Now he'll come up to a safe location to get back to the cattle shoot.

[1:20:46] So, we're in the refuel pool and we're going to the reactor, right? [music] [bell] now. For most of my life, I haven't understood nuclear [music] power. But it

[1:21:01] was here, standing safely over the top of an open nuclear reactor with [music] fuel in it, that I started to realize something. One of the main reasons people fear this technology [music] is they don't understand it. But everything

[1:21:14] was starting to make sense to me. And with [music] that, I was starting to run with [music] that, I was starting to run out of things to be afraid of.

[1:21:28] Thank you, gentlemen. [music] >> Thank you, Alison. >> What [music] is it? The Etop. >> The Etop. That's awesome. I want to show you. [music] The first of which is in the equipment storage pool.

[1:21:43] >> That's your steam dryer. >> And what is this? >> Now, how does a moisture separator work? Well, so it's essentially as the steam boils, it's got cylindrical um torturous path for the steam, right?

[1:21:59] So only the superheated steam is going to make it out of the steam uh uh separator and the remaining I guess we'll say condensation if you want to call it or the water moisture content in the water will drop back down to the uh

[1:22:11] steam. >> That's right. properties of steam to separate it. >> Yeah. All it is is really a big hunk of metal and lets the steam do the work. >> Oh, really? Yeah. I see. Wow. Why is it

[1:22:24] >> Well, cuz it sits on top of the reactor. >> Oh, that's right. >> Cuz we boil inside the reactor and then we use that to make our steam high high quality. Uh and then we get it through the dryer and then after the steam

[1:22:38] >> So, does it where does Okay, I'm starting to understand. I had not considered this part of it. So, you make hot water in there in the reactor. It boils and it goes up.

[1:22:51] >> When it goes up, it goes into that. >> That's right. >> And then is that like a a heat exchanger? Like it bumps? I'm noticing uh I'm noticing pipes. >> No, there all they are are like

[1:23:04] cylindrical pipes. There's no there's no >> there's no ceiling. It's just to make it >> That's correct. It's a torturous path for the steam to go through in order to allow the moisture content to draw. >> I see. I see. Okay. And so then that hot

[1:23:19] water gets circulated out and then that goes to to the turbine, >> The super heat of steam. >> Yes. Yeah. Okay. So, cuz the top is >> right? You want as low moisture content as possible, right? Going to the going

[1:23:33] >> This gentleman come through. Just a big drier filtration. >> Big drier filtration. it comes up, it just steammed drier and drier. >> it was now time to exit the contamination zone and make our way over

[1:23:46] to the turbine, which I was super excited about. But first, we had to have all our camera equipment examined to make sure that no pieces had fallen off were doing that, we took off our radiation protection clothing. And after

[1:23:59] that, we had to sign out of that RWP for the bridge and back onto the one that we We then had to do some radiation testing to make sure we were clean. And Bill >> Back the way we came and then go in another elevator.

[1:24:13] >> And you still have the gun? [laughter] >> Would you like to carry it? >> No. No. Not at all. [laughter] >> I would not. >> So on our way over to the turbine, we

[1:24:27] had to go back through the room that had a lot of the control infrastructure for the control rods in it. We walked past that drain that we walked into when we make sure we didn't step on the drain. And then we went through that watertight

[1:24:40] >> Where are we, Bill? >> We're on the turbine deck right now. >> Yeah, we're going to show you what the main turbine looks like.

[1:24:57] right? You couldn't go to any other units, but this is our main turbine. >> That's correct. Three-stage turbine.

[1:25:13] cool. >> Yeah, I think so. You got your high >> So, this is the high pressure turbine right here. >> That's right. >> What's it wrapped in? Just lagging

[1:25:28] somebody touches it. >> Insulation. >> Lagging. >> Lagging. That's right. >> Okay. Cool. Following you, man. >> All right.

[1:25:44] >> Low pressure. >> We got three low pressure sides. >> Wow. And so, normally that thing's moving real fast. A lot of energy. about 1,800 RPM. >> So, this is what keeps my lights on.

[1:26:01] >> 1,800 RPM is a lot for something this massive. >> So, you have to start it because of rotational inertia. There's no way that you start with steam initially. >> Yeah.

[1:26:14] >> We have a jacking gear that we'll run it on, but >> effect effectively. Well, really the jacking gear just rolls. It's a It's an turbine. So, while we have steam getting ready to be applied to it, uh it doesn't

[1:26:29] blow the rotor. So, really, it's steam that that that rolls this turbine. Wow, that that that rolls this turbine. Wow, it's huge.

[1:26:43] this a crane overhead? >> That is. Yeah. In some outages, we'll actually expose all this and show some turbine and and have the low pressure turbine available and we'll work on it. >> So, is there a turbine for each unit?

[1:26:58] >> Yes, sir. >> Which unit is this? Is unit two. I guess >> I'm sorry for the dumb questions. I'm >> overwhelmed. Question. >> Not at all. >> So, so this is unit 2's turbine. Are the

[1:27:11] other unit one and unit two turbines in a different room? They are very similar right now because they're operating. >> What's on the other end? Is the >> That's the generator. So you can kind of see actually that's a good view. You can

[1:27:24] see some of your pole pieces in the generator right there. Wow.

[1:27:40] order to make a round thing run true, a lot of times you have an indicator that you put anchor it to something else and you touch off and then as the thing rotates, you can see if it goes up or down. I see one of those, but it's where

[1:27:57] down. I see one of those, but it's where it is is kind of confusing me.

[1:28:09] turbine area? I have. You have you ever worked on that? Let me see what you're worked on that? Let me see what you're looking at. Okay. Yeah,

[1:28:25] roundness. >> Yeah, it's checking for run out on the shaft. Say it again. Checking for run out on the shaft. What does that mean? If the shaft were not perfectly round, then as it rotated, you would see a

[1:28:40] change that that distance that they're measuring. >> How how do they turn the shaft? It's massive. So, how can they turn it into this motor? >> This motor right here, it has a worm

[1:28:53] >> This motor right here, it has a worm gear on it. That worm gear will drive a >> Oh, that it's interfacing right there. >> Is that the jacking motor you were >> That's the jacking motor. Yeah. >> Oh, wow. So this motor is specifically

[1:29:05] to turn the shaft so that they can test it.

[1:29:17] This is two different sections of the turbine shaft. So they've got their dial indicator set up as a reference on one and they're measuring the other. They're looking to see that those two shafts are lined up. So they will spin one relative

[1:29:29] to the other. Right? So this is the exact junction between the turbine and >> Got it. Is there a clutch or anything there or is it direct bolted connection? >> It's directly coupled. >> Really? And so when it spins up, when

[1:29:43] you guys bring up a unit, will you get any wobble or vibration? There'll be some, but it's minimal. The uh we have it's contracted out. There's a crew that balances this thing, and it's it's amazing how close they balance it.

[1:29:58] >> Really, when we spin this turbine, we Keep very close eye on the vibrations on worst >> really are through here. We'll watch every single one of them.

[1:30:11] >> 12 or 7 ms is about where we get it. >> That's Yeah, that's amazing for >> Yeah. Where is it machined? Where where do you buy a turbine like this? >> This is This is G's turbine. >> Oh, General Elect. Do they own the

[1:30:25] >> They made it and you guys bought it? >> Yes. >> Got it. I live in North Alabama, so we say turbine. If I lived in the UK, we would say turbine. When it comes to making energy out of steam, there's a

[1:30:39] like to get wrapped around the axle about, but we're not going to worry about that right now. I I recognize that like energy and power and all these they have specific engineering units, but for now, let's just suspend all that and

[1:30:53] let's be kids talking about a really cool thing. Okay, so the cool thing about a nuclear plant is it makes steam. Like almost all power plants make steam. Steam is compressed and it's expanding if you allow it to. Right. Well, we can

[1:31:08] use that. So, I've got these little models here. These are little cheap bought. And I've got one right here that's got a single turbine blade in it. Right. And I've got this little valve

[1:31:20] set up right here to uh an air compressor. And if I turn this little valve right here, I can actually allow this thing to turn. Now, this is a steam. It's just air running through this. So, watch this.

[1:31:40] into torque that turns a shaft. Right now, it's just compressed air. This is not expanding steam. But let's think about this for example. There's a lot of wasted air that's moving out of this thing. Right? Well, what you can do for

[1:31:53] that is you can use multiple blades. So, as the air comes in one side and it goes to the next one and the next one, if you have these multiple blades stacked up, you can get more energy out of that gas. So, I've got another valve here so I can

[1:32:06] So, I've got another valve here so I can turn this thing. can get more energy out of the steam. So, again, this is compressed gas. This

[1:32:18] isn't steam, but uh it's interesting. Now, let's look back at those images earlier. This is a turbine blade from when Browns Ferry was first being constructed. You notice it's got like this bow tie looking shape to it. And

[1:32:32] then this is a turbine blade from a recent upgrade of the unit 2 steam turbine here at Browns Fairy. You notice it looks like it's got little things in the side. Right in the middle, we have high pressure and as it expands, it's

[1:32:47] like going to a lower pressure. you need a larger surface area on those turbine blades so you can act on it and and get the same amount of torque, right? So, so back at the actual turbine blades, you can see that the center shaft is solid.

[1:33:01] And the reason for that is that's where the steam is inserted. It's inserted right here in the middle and then it runs along the fan blades out each end of the turbine. And the reason it's a bow tie shape is actually fascinating.

[1:33:14] In my little model here, I've got a single turbine blade, right? You see that? So, watch what happens when I apply the air. It's actually going to try to push it out. So, watch this flywheel push to the side. You ready?

[1:33:28] See it? It's very subtle. And watch again. [gasps] So, it's actually trying to push out of the journal bearings here. So, they mirror it. And that axial thrust is canceled out by the axial thrust in the other direction. So, they

[1:33:41] they flip the turbine blades on each side, which is fascinating. Now, Bill said there are four turbines in that building. 1 2 3 four. And one seems to be smaller than the others. Let me show you how this works. So, we have in the

[1:33:55] reactor that we saw earlier, we have neutrons, right? Uranium 235. And these neutrons are in water in a very special way in the reactor core, but they're making steam, right? And they're making that steam at 1,00 something PSI, but

[1:34:10] it's coming off of that at like 900 something PSI after it goes through some valves and stuff. And so, whoops, 900. And what happens there is they take that steam and they put it in a high-pressure steam turbine, right? So, it goes into

[1:34:27] that bow tie thing kind of like we were talking about earlier, but this is the high-pressure steam turbine. Now, as it goes through that, it goes through the middle and it expands out. After that, you've got this other steam that's

[1:34:40] coming out of this thing. It's like 250 PSI, but it still wants to expand. So, what they do is they take more steam turbines and they put them in the same room. Now, these are low pressure steam turbines, okay? So they take this 250

[1:34:56] turbines, okay? So they take this 250 PSI uh steam and then they they put it on all the different low pressure steam turbines like this. So you can take that and you can run them in parallel paths. So you've got this thing you've built

[1:35:09] now where you've got uranium making steam and you're pumping 900 PSI steam into the high-pressure turbine and then out comes this 250 PSI steam. And

[1:35:21] separators and condensers that we're going to talk about right now. But these lower pressure steam turbines, they're bigger. And the reason they have to be bigger is because they're at a lower pressure. And if you're going to act on

[1:35:35] a a lower pressure on a larger surface area, you can end up getting the same force because pressure is equal to force by area. Uh you get it. I You're smart. You know what's going on here. So, if we have all of these turbines on the same

[1:35:48] have all of these turbines on the same shaft and then we put a generator right there at the end, voila, we have a nuclear power plant. We've gone from hot rocks making steam and that steam can go to making torque and then we're putting

[1:36:03] all these different turbines on the same shaft. It's really cool, by the way, how think that's fascinating. Well, maybe we'll talk about that later. All that goes to a generator here and you get electrons out the other side. So nuclear

[1:36:17] electrons out the other side. So nuclear power to electrons. It's fascinating. So turbine, high pressure turbines, low pressure turbines, generator. So high pressure side, low pressure generator.

[1:36:31] >> That's right. >> Okay. Why is the Why is the high pressure upstream? So, does the steam run down as

[1:36:45] >> It's lower quality steam on the on the low pressure side, turbine. It runs in and out. >> These are actually steam valve CIVs down >> Got it. >> Or under the turbine, excuse me.

[1:36:59] is the generator that's hooked up to the end of one of those long turbine shafts, which is amazing. But before he does that, I want to tell you something. second channel when I get through with the security review process and all

[1:37:13] that, but there's like hours of footage, like three and a half, four hours of footage that I'm going to put over on the second channel. Go check that out. Smarter Everyday 2. It's amazing. There's a lot of stuff not included in

[1:37:25] this video that'll be on the second channel. Please go check that out. Okay, let's go see the generator. >> This is an operating generator. So the >> This is an operating generator. So the generators

[1:37:39] It's hard to hear you. That's the generators from here to the wall. And this is what's generating that 1350 megawatt electric that you saw in Quinn's office earlier. >> Yeah. So that meter in Quinn's office is

[1:37:51] >> That's cool. So it's it's quieter than I thought. >> Yeah, it's not too bad. A little loud. >> So what did we see in the other room? He said you couldn't go in that room normally.

[1:38:05] common rotor. >> The turbine's that way. >> Yeah. >> Rotating element, magnetic field, current carrying conductor. Right. So, you got pieces inside the generator. You

[1:38:21] got a magnetic field on the rotor that's spinning lines of current down the spinning lines of current down the generator down to the ice to the bridge. So this thing right here is what makes 60 Hz power. This Yes, it

[1:38:35] is. Absolutely. >> So like how do you synchronize this to >> That's an excellent question. So typically what'll end up happening is

[1:38:47] right? And I always like the phrase nuclear power equals 120 times the bond, nuclear power equals 120 times the bond, right? That's an equation for us. NP = 120F. the number the speed of the machine times the number of the poles is

[1:39:01] machine times the number of the poles is equal to 120 times the frequency. Right? So what we're able to do what that really means is frequency is directly I can control the speed of this machine before we're synchronized to the grid to

[1:39:14] make it come up a little higher. If you think about your ice cream goes for >> We can make it come up a little bit faster and then we'll synchronize the synchroscope and it'll spin around, spin around, and when it's at 12:00, it means

[1:39:28] from the generator are synchronized and >> It happens right here. >> Well, the breaker's down below us. They what's outputting the energy into the grid.

[1:39:40] >> As we headed to the exit, I was just struck by how much Bill knows and how him about that. >> There's a lot of things to know here. >> There are. There are. Is it intimidating for you?

[1:39:53] >> Uh when I first got into nuclear power, very intimidating. I had to study really here, the more and more you understand what's important, the easier it be. You understand, too, right? That's about working. Somebody knows better than

[1:40:08] somebody else. Even when you think you know everything, I promise you, you don't. Yeah. Nobody here knows everything. The last thing we had to do was exit the radiologically controlled area, which meant we had to

[1:40:20] make sure we didn't have any radiation contamination on us, which I thought was going to be pretty easy. So, we took apart the camera gear and handed it over to be checked, and we failed. >> Oh, come on. Be smooth.

[1:40:38] >> No, it's too high. >> Here, let's put your other one in. >> Okay. put this one in the center there. >> All right. Maybe hopefully we'll get at least one camera out.

[1:40:54] everything. Gave it a really good wiping down to have it rechecked. And we failed again. >> Now,

[1:41:06] >> This was most likely that radon that's emitted naturally and the fact that the they're picking it up. George and I are slowly trying to get the cameras out. slowly trying to get the cameras out. >> Bye, little camera.

[1:41:23] >> We ended up disassembling the cameras because things could make it out if they were smaller physically for some reason. So once we disassembled everything and we passed. >> Yeah, we made it. Now that we had

[1:41:39] officially left the RCA, logged out of our RWPs, and turned in our domters, we secure area. A >> big thank you to Bill, Angela, keeping us safe, Philip. Thank you, Clarissa. Thank you, George.

[1:41:52] >> Thank you for visiting us. >> Thank you very much. Bill's got to get to show you something that I was thinking about when I went to shoot the the outro here. Look at this. This is something I keep on the wall here at

[1:42:06] Smarter Everyday. It's it's some little posters that my daughter made years ago. at that and thinking, man, like we went from just making videos like that to from just making videos like that to being able to go into a nuclear power

[1:42:20] plant. And I think the reason that happens is over a long period of time developing trust. And uh, I just want to say thank you to TVA for trusting me

[1:42:32] Idaho National Lab because as a part of the nuclear power deep dive series, um stuff. And so, I was I was looking at this little poster. I was like, I'm just this little poster. I was like, I'm just a dude in Alabama. And I over years,

[1:42:46] people have started trusting what we do here on Smarter Every Day. And I I want to say thank you to you as the viewer because you watching these videos and taking me seriously, I don't know why you do that, but you take me seriously.

[1:42:59] you do that, but you take me seriously. I'm grateful because that that elevates I guess it elevates my reputation so that when I call somebody they're like yes we will let you do this and um it's it's a really big deal. So I'm grateful

[1:43:12] for the trust that you have placed in me. I'm grateful for the trust of TVA organizations like this. It's it's a big deal and uh we get to learn some amazing things. Nuclear power is a thing I've always wanted to learn about and we've

[1:43:25] just been given that opportunity in an amazing way and we're going to continue how they arrange the fuel. We're going to learn about how they operate the and we're also going to learn at Idaho National Lab about the future of nuclear

[1:43:39] power. It's an amazing thing. I feel so blessed to have this opportunity. I'm excited about it. Another thing I just want to say is thank you to [music] on Patreon. You never have to support on

[1:43:52] Patreon if you don't want to, but just know it decouples me from the algorithm to make. The goal is intelligent, respectful, humble content. So, uh, let me show you the thing we do. Every year I, uh, send out stickers to the patrons

[1:44:06] physically mailed them to you. Uh, the baseball team. We've been the [music] exploration team. Last year we were the Discovery team. It was a year where the cicatas came out and also we shot a

[1:44:18] [music] rocket that year. Uh, one of the cool stickers we had one year, this is was the James Webb Space [music] Telescope space team. So, I usually send everybody that supports on [music] Patreon. Make sure your address is in

[1:44:31] there. And, uh, it's a really cool thing cuz I get to order stickers in bulk and mail [music] them out. And, uh, that's a really big deal for Smarter Everyday here at [music] Smarter Every Day, but also the patrons make it happen. because

[1:44:46] I know I've been able to [music] say no to sponsorships. I'm going to do videos is what a good video would be like [music] and I don't want it to be sensational. I don't want to chase the algorithm. So, thank you to everybody

[1:44:59] that supports on Patreon. You allow that to happen and I'm grateful. Forgive me trying to express [music] my gratitude. If you're interested in learning more about nuclear power, we are continuing the Smarter Everyday deep dive series

[1:45:12] into nuclear power here [music] and I'm so very excited. So, feel free to thing. If not, no big deal. Smarter Everyday is always free and available for you. And [music] I'm grateful that you've chosen to spend this time perhaps

[1:45:25] phone at lunch break, whatever you're doing right now. Just [music] know that I'm grateful that you were learning about nuclear power with me because this is something I'm very Oh, the power just went out. Oh, man. I need to go

[1:45:39] [laughter] call Brownsburg. The lights just went out. >> I'm assuming this is a power distribution problem, not the nuclear plant. Okay, power's back on. Looks like it was a broken cross armor on a power

[1:45:51] pole. So, [music] distribution is hard, too. Power is amazing. The fact that we have lights in our house, awesome. That's it. I'm Dustin. You're getting That's it. I'm Dustin. You're getting smarter every day. Have a good one. Bye.