Beyond the "creation vs. evolution" debate | Denis Lamoureux | TEDxEdmonton

[00:00] Our theme today is uncertainty. When it comes to the top of the origin of the world, there's a lot of uncertainty in North America.

[00:13] For example, as just noted, this past February, there was a debate between evolutionist Bill Nye, the science guy, and creationist Ken Ham, the CEO of the Creation Museum in Kentucky.

[00:25] The fact that this debate received over 7 million hits online speaks of the uncertainty within the minds of many. A debate like this should have never happened in 2014.

[00:38] So, as my title suggests, I think we have to get beyond the Bill Nye vs. Tenham so-called debate. Now, I'm certain most of you have identified the problem.

[00:51] This debate is cast within a simple dichotomy. forcing people into thinking that there's only two credible positions. And you'll notice the quotation marks. You're either on the evolution science side,

[01:04] and of course there's no place for God here, or you're on the creation religion side, and this of course is God's side, purportedly. But I have a question. Are there only two credible positions

[01:18] when it comes to origins? For example, what do you make of an individual like myself? I am a thoroughly committed and unapologetic evangelical theologian trained to the PhD level.

[01:31] I believe that the Bible is the word of God. And I've experienced miracles. I believe in the creator, so that makes me a creationist.

[01:43] And at the same time, I am a thoroughly committed and unapologetic evolutionary biologist also trained to the PhD level. I find the evidence for evolution to be simply overwhelming.

[01:56] There is no debate. Evolution is a fact. And I love the explanatory power of evolutionary theory. So what do you make of that?

[02:08] Let me suggest, yes, I'm an evolutionist as well. Let me suggest that there's someone out there who would think my position as being quite credible. The man himself, Charles Robert Darwin, who is the father of modern evolutionary theory.

[02:24] And late in life he said the following, It seems to me absurd, it's ridiculous to doubt that a man or a woman may be an ardent theist, that is, one who believes in a personal God, and an evolutionist.

[02:40] And it's worth pointing out that when Darwin wrote in his autobiography, and he published The Origin of Species. He believed in a personal God. Well, let me suggest one way, one solution

[02:53] to getting beyond this dichotomy. We need to begin by defining some terms. Two words that I find absolutely essential in this discussion are the words teleology and dispeliology. Teleology comes from the Greek term telos,

[03:07] which means plan or purpose. Do you believe there's some sort of ultimate plan or purpose in the universe? If you do, you're a teleologist. If you don't, you're a distaleologist. Now, the word evolution.

[03:19] Evolution is a scientific theory that describes the origin of life's natural processes. Now, watch my fingers here. Period. Science deals with the physical not the mystical or the spiritual When it comes to the term creation creation is a religious belief

[03:39] that the world was made by a creator, watch my finger again, period. The doctrine of creation does not deal with how God created, but rather with that God created.

[03:51] Now that we have some basic terms, let's work out some relationships between them. Now, for most of us, we have been socially conditioned into believing that evolution is just teleological.

[04:06] In other words, that evolution is run necessarily by bland chance and irrational necessity. But, let's take outside the box. Could it be that evolution is a teleological process?

[04:20] That this process has been ordained and susting by some sort of creative mind? And if indeed you would believe that, that would make you, like me, an evolutionist, also a creationist. And the term being used today is evolutionary creation.

[04:36] Now, a lot of religious people wrestle with the idea of evolution. But I think the embryology-evolution analogy is helpful. And in fact, it appears in Darwin's most famous book, The Origin of Species, and it goes like this.

[04:50] I have never met a religious person that when they were thinking about when they were being created in their mother's womb, believed that God comes out of heaven to attach an arm or attach a leg. No, most religious people believe that they were created by God

[05:02] through natural processes, embryological and developmental processes. Well, why can't there be another set of processes that we call evolutionary processes by which they were created by a God?

[05:16] Now, if I had about 20 minutes with Bill Nye, this is what I'd like to point out to him. The basic relationship between science and religion. It's worth noting that in the last 20 years, there's been an explosion of books written by some of the best scholars in the world

[05:31] showing how it's possible to have a peaceful and fruitful relationship between science and religion. In fact, there are now science, religion professors in some of the best universities in the world.

[05:43] Oxford, Cambridge, Princeton, Harvard, and I always write tacking on at the end of this list, little old St. Joseph's College at the University of Alberta. Kind of sounds good, doesn't it?

[05:57] Now, this is the basic paradigm most of us in the business accept. What's science? No, notice. Science is about observations and experiments from which we get our theories and laws. Again, science is about the physical, not the spiritual, the mystical.

[06:14] It's about the physical period. Now, when we finish doing our science, there's nothing wrong with doing this, we all ask those larger questions. For example, is there some sort of mind or maybe a god behind nature?

[06:28] Now, of course, these are not scientific questions, but they're religious and philosophical questions, if you want another term. These are metaphysical questions, questions beyond the physical.

[06:40] Now, for some people, they come to the answer very quickly through intuition. For others, they go through a slower process, an analytical process of reason. But here's the bottom line, and I think the most important thing I'll say this afternoon.

[06:55] Everybody after we done our science needs to take a step of faith whether they religious or not from their scientific data to their ultimate belief Now this is the perfect opportunity to define this term intelligent design

[07:12] which regrettably in the last 15 years has been manipulated and mangled by a group of American anti-evolutionists. No, intelligent design is not a scientific theory. Intelligent design is a belief.

[07:25] But beauty, complexity, and functionality in nature point to an intelligent designer. Now, the thing to note, this was Darwin's definition of design, and in fact, in the

[07:38] autobiography, he said when he wrote The Origin of Species, he believed in intelligent design. So let's give you a practical example coming back to our basic paradigm. Take the standard cell, about a thousandth of an inch, and in that single cell, stretch

[07:54] out all the DNA to about a yard of DNA. And on that yard of DNA, you get the information content of a 30-volume encyclopedia. Watch my finger again. Period. That's what science gives us. Now, once we've done this scientific analysis, we can't help but ask the question,

[08:10] you know, does this reflect some sort of amazing engineering mind? Well, for some individuals like Richard Dawkins, the same atheist in Oxford, in taking his step with faith, he would say that intelligent design is an illusion. Your mind is simply tricking you.

[08:22] On the other hand, I'm the first to identify this. In my taking of self-defense, I think intelligent design is real. Well, if I had 20 minutes with Ken Ham, this is what I'd like to point out to him.

[08:35] That the Bible has an ancient understanding of nature. Your best example of this ancient science is a three-tiered universe in the Bible, and you don't have to go very far until the Bible starts seeing some of this ancient science.

[08:47] Genesis 1, that first chapter, creation in six days. On the second day of creation, it says the following, and God created a firmament. The Hebrew word rachia, his best translator, the firmament. A hard firm structure

[08:59] to separate the waters above from waters below and you're going, ooh, what about this? Stop. When you read ancient texts, you need to respect its intellectual context. Put yourself back

[09:11] in the ancient world. Suspend your wonderful 21st century scientific categories, look up and what do you see? It's blue. It spits at you sometimes. rain falls from above

[09:23] so that's not such a bad idea let's go on to the fourth day of creation and God places the sun, moon and stars where? in the permanent isn't that what it looks like from the perspective of the naked eye

[09:36] or to use a technical term from an ancient phenomenological perspective now we've all heard the song walk like an Egyptian well you've got to think like an Egyptian

[09:50] let's take a look at what the Egyptians believe there it is, your three-tier universe in red there's your firmament, speckled with all the stars and above is a sea of water and we know it's a sea of water because take a look at the god Ray

[10:02] the sun god, he's in a boat what does he do? he crosses the heavenly sea to enter the underworld, to zoom back to the east, to rise again this is the best sign for the day

[10:14] and you even find it also in the Bible that's what everyone believed continuing with this first chapter of the Bible a little more time with Ken I'd like to point out the Bible has an ancient poetry

[10:26] when it comes to this first chapter Genesis 1 a pair of parallel panels the Bible begins this way in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth now the earth was here the Hebrew tohu bohu formless and empty that rhyming scheme would have caught the attention of the listeners and the readers And the way God creates in this first chapter

[10:47] is he solves the formlessness in the first three days, the first panel, and the emptiness the next three days. So, on day one, God separates light from darkness. On day two, now that you know what a ferment is, separates the waters above from the waters below.

[10:59] On day three, separates water from dry land. Now, check out day four. What does God create? God creates the sun, moon, and stars. Why? It's an alignment or parallel

[11:11] to light being created on day one. Now, day five is interesting. Flying creatures and sea creatures being made. Here's a question for you biologists in the audience. What is the taxonomical connection

[11:24] between fish and birds? Good, that's the answer. There isn't one. But there's a poetic connection. Take a look at this. flying, creatures what? Empty airspace.

[11:37] Sea creatures, the fine body of water. Land, creatures and humans, dry land. And I'll leave you with just one question. Is this science? I think you know the answer.

[11:49] Now, we all know Galileo is being this amazing scientist and astronomer. He was also a very devout Roman Catholic. And I think he offers Ken Ham a valuable insight for reading the Bible. Galileo said the following,

[12:02] God's intention in the Bible is to teach us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go. In other words, the Bible is about spiritual things, not scientific things. The Bible is not a book of science.

[12:16] Well, let me draw now some conclusions. I think you'll agree with me. Words are very important. We need to define our terms. Like the words evolution and creation, so we don't talk past one another.

[12:29] I think my most important point this afternoon is this, is to recognize that everyone, I'm talking about religious people, non-religious people, atheists, agnostics, everyone takes a step of faith,

[12:41] if you want to call it an intellectual leap, from our scientific experience and data to our ultimate belief. There is no mathematical formula to go from science to metaphysics. And then finally, the main point this afternoon

[12:55] is I think we have to move beyond the Bill Nye versus Ken Ham debate, or stated another way, I think we have to move beyond these evolution versus creation debates. Why? Because this is a false dichotomy.

[13:08] There's more than simply two positions. And in closing, I'd like to suggest that moving beyond our uncertainty with regards to origins, that we consider what is called the two-books model.

[13:22] And there's no better example of this Sir Francis Bacon at the beginning of the 17th century, which, by the way, he was one of the founding fathers of modern science. He said the following, and I've updated the language.

[13:34] Let no woman or man, out of conceited laziness, think or believe that anyone can search too far or be too well-informed in the book of God's works,

[13:46] that is, the magnificent book of nature, or in the book of God's words, which are the scriptures and religious texts. And Bacon concludes, instead, let everyone endlessly improve their understanding of both.

[14:02] And that's my hope and prayer for all of us. Thank you for your attention.