Car Engine Mechanics Explained — Full Breakdown & Transcript

[00:00] the gasoline engine is one of the

[00:02] greatest inventions in human history

[00:04] that still propels us today but do you

[00:08] ever wonder how it actually works behind

[00:10] the scenes well in today's video we just

[00:13] happen to stumble across this engine

[00:16] which we will use to show you not only

[00:18] how the operating theory is but how

[00:21] things actually work behind the scenes

[00:24] right after this

[00:35] so before we dig into this engine and

[00:38] find the how things work behind the

[00:40] scenes let's talk about the very basics

[00:42] of engine operation this is a fourstroke

[00:45] gasoline engine every gasoline engine

[00:47] needs four things to run you need

[00:49] gasoline for the combustion you need air

[00:53] or more importantly oxygen in the air

[00:55] which is going to help that combustion

[00:57] and then you need com something to

[00:58] compress them and of course you need to

[01:01] ignite that mixture using the spark plug

[01:04] so they would combust and create that

[01:06] power that propels this engine forward

[01:09] so here is how things will will work in

[01:13] theory get this is a four stroke engine

[01:16] that means it has four strokes and those

[01:18] Strokes are

[01:19] intake

[01:21] compression power and exhaust and the

[01:24] way this works is intake is when the

[01:27] mixture of fuel and air goes into the

[01:30] engine and then the compression stroke

[01:34] is when this mixture is going to get

[01:36] compressed here we have the three things

[01:38] that happen when you compress this

[01:40] mixture of gasoline and and air or

[01:43] specifically oxygen you're going to

[01:45] create that combustion which is going to

[01:47] create like kind of an gas that's going

[01:51] to come out from that combustion that's

[01:52] going to push and create that power

[01:55] stroke and that's what's actually going

[01:57] to start ranting this engine and then

[01:59] all the combustion gases that are just

[02:01] sitting there they exhaust in the four

[02:04] stroke and then we repeat now this is

[02:08] for one cylinder this particular engine

[02:11] is a four cylinder engine so this cycle

[02:14] is going to happen for for each

[02:17] individual cylinder and that's how you

[02:20] get that Continuous Flow so this is what

[02:24] it's called the firing order cylinder

[02:27] one's going to fire then four then two

[02:29] then three and then we repeat it's just

[02:31] going to keep going that way you don't

[02:33] have one cylinder firing and then we

[02:35] lose we kind of lose our momentum then

[02:37] the second one then the third one the

[02:38] fourth one no they're designed to

[02:41] continuously run so you always have a

[02:44] consistent power band that sounds all

[02:47] great but how does this actually happen

[02:50] behind the scenes is we're going to dig

[02:51] into this motor and find out exactly how

[02:54] that

[02:58] works so before we dig into how it works

[03:01] let's label the components understand

[03:04] what are we looking at here cuz this is

[03:06] not one piece this is multiple pieces

[03:08] and some folks will say there's

[03:09] thousands of parts to an engine not

[03:11] thousands but there's a lot of parts

[03:14] let's talk through

[03:15] them this is the top of the engine this

[03:18] is the front of the engine and that is

[03:20] the back this part right here is called

[03:23] the valve cover this is just a cover

[03:25] that keeps the oil inside it's all it

[03:27] does it has the oil fil C app has a few

[03:30] other component that's all it does it

[03:32] just covers things at the top then you

[03:35] have the cylinder head this is one of

[03:38] the most critical most delicate parts of

[03:40] an engine this is what allows the

[03:42] mixture to go in and go out the exhaust

[03:46] we're going to dig into it and we're

[03:48] going to take it apart and you'll see

[03:49] every little part of

[03:51] it this part is a cylinder block this is

[03:56] where your compressor is this is where

[03:58] the Pistons live

[04:00] and this is what actually compresses

[04:02] that mixture and then the mixture pushes

[04:06] it down for the power stroke and then it

[04:08] comes up again to push the exhaust and

[04:11] then as it goes down it pulls the

[04:13] mixture in this is not making sense

[04:15] right now but when we take it apart

[04:17] you'll see it how it how it does that

[04:19] and it will all make sense but let's

[04:20] just cover the part so you know what how

[04:22] they look like this part of the bottom

[04:25] is called a stiffening case it's

[04:28] literally just an extend tension off the

[04:30] engine just to have that area where the

[04:33] oil sits and this very bottom piece is

[04:35] the oil pan and this is what contains

[04:37] the oil of the engine now let's start

[04:40] peeling the layers and we'll see how

[04:43] this

[04:47] works let's start peeling our first

[04:50] layer this is the valve train this is a

[04:53] very simple Engine things get a lot more

[04:55] complicated from here but we're going to

[04:57] we chose this engine for a purpose this

[04:59] is a dual overhead cam these are the cam

[05:05] shafts and they are sitting on top of

[05:08] the cylinder head that's the

[05:10] identification of that style there is

[05:13] multiple designations there's single

[05:15] overhead there is not overhead there's a

[05:19] lot of different configurations but this

[05:21] particular one which is the most common

[05:22] one in modern cars dual overhead cam so

[05:27] what is a cam shaft all this does is it

[05:32] synchronizes The Strokes of the engine

[05:35] when are we going to allow that mix of

[05:38] air and and gasoline into the engine and

[05:41] when are we going to allow that exhaust

[05:43] to come out so I'm going to turn it turn

[05:47] this engine as if it was running and I

[05:49] want you to watch what things are doing

[05:52] here

[06:02] do you notice this particular

[06:05] Peak this is called a cam lobe and it is

[06:10] kind of in a in a droplet shape and the

[06:13] reason for that is every time this high

[06:16] like pointy part goes down it opens

[06:19] something called a valve every time a

[06:21] round part goes over it it is closed now

[06:24] these valves are what going to open to

[06:27] let either let the gas mixture and air

[06:30] mixture in or it's going to on the other

[06:33] side is going to let the combustion

[06:36] gases go out in the exhaust and when

[06:39] they are both closed we are in the

[06:41] compression stroke cuz you have already

[06:44] the mixture inside this the combustion

[06:46] chamber which we're going to look at in

[06:48] a little bit and you are com compressing

[06:51] it so if you have one of the valves open

[06:53] it's just going to come out nothing will

[06:55] happen so you have three stages of this

[06:59] they're either open on one side closed

[07:01] on the other open on one side closed on

[07:03] the other or they're both closed now

[07:06] there are cases we're not going to get

[07:07] too complicated into there are cases

[07:09] where this is delayed and that's delayed

[07:11] we're not going to get into that we're

[07:12] going to keep things simple because

[07:14] they're actually a lot more complicated

[07:16] so here's what's going on in this entire

[07:19] picture each cylinder in this particular

[07:22] engine it's 16 valve engine four

[07:25] cylinder you have four valves per

[07:28] cylinder in this this is the separation

[07:30] of the

[07:31] cylinder do you see how you have two

[07:34] lobes here and two lobes here this is

[07:36] the intake side and this is the exhaust

[07:38] side the cam shaft will always

[07:41] spin half the speed of the

[07:44] crankshaft so if you're driving your

[07:47] beautiful car at 1500

[07:49] RPM this is spinning at

[07:52] 750 RPM this is how this works the

[07:56] camshaft will always spin slower and

[07:58] what this does

[08:00] the way the Globes are orientated is

[08:02] according to the firing order well we

[08:05] did the four strokes here but at the

[08:07] same time the four strokes are happen

[08:08] somewhere else and somewhere else and

[08:10] somewhere else they're in different

[08:11] phases of each other but we're going to

[08:14] actually focus on one cylinder only

[08:17] right now both both of them are closed

[08:22] and this is the beginning of the cycle

[08:24] watch the cycle on the intake side first

[08:27] this is the intake going to turn the

[08:35] engine do you see how the intake is

[08:39] opening the pointy part of the lobe is

[08:43] down now that now we are taking in the

[08:47] intake

[08:48] mixture we're going to

[08:51] continue this part is actually the

[08:54] compression do you see how they're both

[08:56] closed pointy part here pointy part here

[08:58] the compression is happening and then

[09:02] watch what's going to happen here we're

[09:04] going to open the exhaust

[09:07] valves now we're letting that gas out

[09:10] and then as we let it out we're getting

[09:13] ready to start the cycle all over again

[09:16] do you see how that works but how is it

[09:19] actually doing that see this part right

[09:21] here this is called a timing chain you

[09:23] have two Styles and engines you have

[09:25] either a timing chain a metal chain that

[09:28] synchronizes everything thing so all

[09:30] these four cylinders would do what

[09:32] they're supposed to do at the correct

[09:34] time or you have a timing belt this

[09:36] particular engine is a chain we're not

[09:38] going to get too much into that part of

[09:40] the design but let's see how does this

[09:45] actually happen what is this pointy part

[09:49] this pointy part what is it actually

[09:51] pushing against and how is that

[09:53] mechanism working and in order to do

[09:55] that we're going to remove all the chain

[09:58] we're going to remove the cam shaft

[10:00] we're going to look at the cam shaft

[10:02] outside and then we're going to remove

[10:03] the cylinder head which contains the

[10:05] valves that do this and see how that

[10:08] works up close and personal so let's

[10:10] take a look at the cam shafts up

[10:13] close you see those slopes that's how

[10:16] these look

[10:18] like you see how they're not in the same

[10:21] orientation because

[10:24] each one corresponds to a certain phase

[10:27] in that four stroke for that that

[10:29] particular cylinder so they will not be

[10:31] the same and they are engineered that

[10:33] way to

[10:34] work in that order now let's take these

[10:37] out look at the area where they sit so

[10:42] this cam shaft is just a piece of metal

[10:45] that is spinning I mean if you're

[10:46] driving your car at the highway 3,000

[10:48] RPM this is spinning at, 1500

[10:52] revolutions per minute that's a lot and

[10:56] how do you not have this metal piece and

[10:59] this metal piece get destroyed here's

[11:02] how that

[11:03] works this is called a

[11:07] journal this part has a hole in it see

[11:10] that little innocent looking hole that's

[11:13] actually an oil hole so what's going to

[11:14] happen is oil will come out to this tiny

[11:17] little hole put a film of oil on top of

[11:20] this which then is going to end up here

[11:26] and on this little cam cabinet that sits

[11:31] here that film of oil here will actually

[11:35] prevent wear

[11:37] between these two metals cuz they will

[11:40] actually not be touching each other they

[11:43] will be riding on a thin film of oil

[11:45] here that keeps this lubricated cools it

[11:48] down and and not allow this metal to

[11:51] metal

[11:52] contact that is pretty cool how that

[11:55] works now we talked

[11:57] about the cam Lo pushing down but what

[12:01] is it pushing down on let's just take

[12:03] this cam out of the way let's take a

[12:06] look what is it pushing on cuz this just

[12:09] looks like a flat

[12:12] surface but see the thing with gasoline

[12:14] enges is they warm up and they cool down

[12:18] and what happens to metal when you warm

[12:19] it up it expands you cool it down it

[12:22] contracts so if we just put this

[12:27] cam here here what's going to happen

[12:31] when this metal surface heats up expands

[12:35] this metal surface heats up and expands

[12:38] and they're just going to be fighting

[12:39] each other or when this metal surface

[12:42] cools down significantly and this metal

[12:44] surface cools down significantly and

[12:47] they shrink well there's going to be a

[12:48] giant Gap so how is that going to work

[12:51] that is called valve

[12:54] clearance it is something

[12:57] precalculated by the Engineers that

[12:59] designed it where we want this valve

[13:02] cleaners not to be too tight where this

[13:04] valve will potentially be pushed down

[13:06] all the time and open and we can't have

[13:09] our power stroke anymore where both of

[13:11] them are

[13:12] closed neither is going to be super

[13:14] loose where we're not going to be able

[13:17] to open our valve all the way and allow

[13:19] that mix that beautiful gasoline and air

[13:22] mixture to go in or the exhaust to go

[13:24] out so they set it as specific clearance

[13:29] that allows for both cases to

[13:31] work this is called a manual valve

[13:35] clearance engine and this particular

[13:37] engine is that more modern engines and

[13:40] more sophisticated engines will have

[13:44] automatically

[13:45] adjusting valve clearance what they'll

[13:48] do there is they'll have a little

[13:49] plunger that is oil pressured when the

[13:52] Gap gets

[13:55] smaller it'll e ease up to allow for

[13:59] that expansion when the Gap gets big cuz

[14:01] the engine is cold it's going to pump up

[14:04] and take that gap between the cam low

[14:08] and the valve but this is actually not

[14:11] the

[14:12] valve and this is a little bit of an

[14:14] older design on this particular engine

[14:17] this is called a bucket and the way you

[14:21] adjust valve clearance on this

[14:23] particular engine you see the inside of

[14:25] this

[14:27] bucket this is actually numbered bucket

[14:30] so the distance between this inside and

[14:32] the outside can be changed by the number

[14:36] that is stamped on this bucket which is

[14:38] just the distance you can see that

[14:39] number I don't know if it's clear inside

[14:42] there's a number corresponds to a

[14:43] certain thickness of this but this is

[14:46] the actual valve that this is pressing

[14:51] which in turn the cam shaft lobe is

[14:55] pushing on to open and close the valves

[14:58] that that is the most basic operation

[15:01] but wait a second what is this little

[15:03] fancy looking thing here let us take the

[15:05] cylinder head out of this engine take a

[15:08] valve out and let's just take a look at

[15:10] it and see how that looks like now here

[15:11] are the valves we were just looking

[15:14] at these actually look like this

[15:20] inside this is a spring so remember when

[15:24] we were looking at the cams they push on

[15:26] this well what's going to return it to

[15:28] close it this this is called the valve

[15:30] spring it's just a spring that has a

[15:34] specific tension depends on the engine

[15:36] so it would return the valve to the

[15:38] closed part and speaking of the valve

[15:41] this is a valve it's fully

[15:45] assembled and here's what holds this

[15:47] valve in

[15:48] place if you look at the tip here

[15:51] there's this retainer and then inside

[15:54] this retainer there's actually two

[15:57] little locks I'm get them out these tiny

[16:01] little locks which are called Keepers

[16:04] what these locks do if you look at the

[16:06] tip of the valve you have this little

[16:08] Groove these also have a tiny little

[16:11] Groove that will go right

[16:14] there and get locked in that Groove

[16:17] where it's not going anywhere and then

[16:18] this retainer will come up and lock it

[16:21] in place and that's what you're looking

[16:22] at here these are all locked in place

[16:25] here is how that spring looks like

[16:29] and here's how the valve looks like now

[16:32] here's the interesting thing about these

[16:34] valves this is the called the

[16:38] stem this is the valve face this is

[16:42] actually facing the combustion chamber

[16:44] which we going to look at here the top

[16:47] combustion

[16:49] chamber in this

[16:51] area you have oil in the combustion

[16:54] chamber we do not have

[16:56] oil so in order to keep that oil away

[17:00] from going into the combustion chamber

[17:03] through this around this stem there's

[17:05] actually a seal that sits behind each

[17:08] one of these valves and we'll show you a

[17:11] little clip of that seal how it looks

[17:13] like sitting down and then outside these

[17:16] seals are called valve stem seal it's

[17:20] the seal that seals the stem of the

[17:23] valve to not allow oil to go into the

[17:26] combustion chamber on top of the valve

[17:28] valve now let's talk about valves intake

[17:32] and exhaust valves are not the same

[17:34] usually the intake is larger if you have

[17:36] a car and in case you hear this that is

[17:39] direct injected only and you have carbon

[17:43] buildup on the valves they're actually

[17:46] going to build up carbon here not here

[17:50] that's a common misconception about cars

[17:52] folks all engines will build up carbon

[17:55] here including this one that's just

[17:57] normal now not excessive amounts but you

[18:00] this does have residue on it you cannot

[18:04] clean this with a little can of magic

[18:07] stuff that you put in the tank or the

[18:09] shop chart you cannot clean this this is

[18:11] normal the minute you run the engine

[18:12] there will be some carbon that is

[18:15] normal but when carbon builds up

[18:18] here you're going to start obstructing

[18:20] thing eventually this valve will stick

[18:22] and won't be able to be closed by the

[18:25] spring and we have issues or it'll be

[18:27] completely plugged where you cannot no

[18:30] longer allow that mixture to go through

[18:32] I just thought I say this now some

[18:36] carbon buildup here is normal excessive

[18:38] carbon buildup here we have

[18:41] problems why is this valve clean and why

[18:45] do direct injection engines build up

[18:47] carbon here see the way the port

[18:50] injection work it actually sprays

[18:53] gasoline in an area of the runner

[18:56] leading up to this valve so G gasoline

[18:59] and air will come together touch this

[19:02] valve go around it into the combustion

[19:05] chamber while direct injected engines

[19:08] they will only have air passing through

[19:11] here and then gasoline being sprayed

[19:14] directly inside not before this guy so

[19:18] what ends up happening over time there's

[19:20] something called blowby that will build

[19:21] up that carbon here because there's no

[19:23] gasoline passing through here and

[19:25] washing it off that's why direct

[19:27] injection injected engines built carbon

[19:30] welcome to the top combustion

[19:33] chamber this is the other side of the

[19:35] cylinder head these are the valves that

[19:37] we were looking at that were basically

[19:44] this this

[19:47] sits right in

[19:50] here this is when it's open and this is

[19:52] when it's closed so every time this

[19:54] comes up it allows either if it's this

[19:59] side which is the intake side it'll

[20:00] allow that gasoline and air mix to come

[20:02] in if it is the exhaust side open it'll

[20:05] allow things out and the what is

[20:08] dictating what's coming in and out is a

[20:10] part where we'll talk about in a little

[20:12] bit I just want you to see this part now

[20:15] one thing we will say right now this

[20:19] just looks like to the average person

[20:21] who is not into cars not into this stuff

[20:24] this just looks like an oily mess just

[20:27] random parts dirty oily greasy

[20:32] gmy this is the most

[20:36] delicate most highly precisely

[20:39] engineered part of the entire engine

[20:42] everything else is uh nuts and bolts

[20:45] this is where the magic is cuz do you

[20:48] see this

[20:51] valve this valve actually has a surface

[20:55] where it seals on because this needs to

[20:57] seal

[20:59] and the part right here is called a

[21:00] valve

[21:02] seat this is a very precisely machined

[21:07] part so is this

[21:09] one so when these two sit together like

[21:14] so they're actually sealing the

[21:16] combustion chamber so this is not an

[21:18] oily mess and the other thing is this

[21:22] surface

[21:25] itself is a very precisely machined part

[21:29] because wait a second we have this part

[21:31] we have another part and the combustion

[21:33] is happening here in this area for each

[21:37] cylinder well how are we going to seal

[21:40] this compression from going

[21:43] outside this is where your head gasket

[21:46] is you'll hear blown head gasket leaking

[21:50] head gasket this car has a bad head

[21:52] gasket most people talk about this they

[21:54] don't even comprehend what the head

[21:56] gasket does as the name

[21:59] says the head gasket is just a

[22:03] gasket

[22:05] sits right

[22:08] here and it seals between the cylinder

[22:11] head and the cylinder block we're going

[22:12] to talk about the cylinder Block in a

[22:13] little bit but here's what usually

[22:16] happens you overheat this engine for

[22:18] example that's the most classic case

[22:21] what's going to happen is this is a

[22:24] precisely machined

[22:26] surface this will heat

[22:29] significantly and if you notice these

[22:33] openings these are actually cooling

[22:35] jackets they cool this area so coolant

[22:38] will go out of

[22:40] here into this area and then into the

[22:44] block and that's how coolant is going

[22:47] back and forth well when you superheat

[22:49] this aluminum tends to warp when you

[22:52] heat it meaning it's no longer flat so

[22:56] this will open and then you will have

[22:59] multiple of things will happen either

[23:02] you will mix oil because there are oil

[23:05] passages here as well some of these

[23:06] passages are oil passages you will mix

[23:09] oil with coolant that's the most common

[23:12] thing that people will think it happen

[23:14] but it's not always the case CU if you

[23:16] actually break the area between two

[23:20] cylinders you will have all kinds of

[23:22] issue cuz you will bleed combustion from

[23:25] this one into this one and this one is

[23:27] not ready and it'll just become a mess

[23:30] and the last thing that is

[23:32] common this gasket corrodes and starts

[23:36] leaking outside either oil or coolant or

[23:39] both these are some of the things

[23:43] with cylinder heads problems for modern

[23:47] engines now if this is Warped you must

[23:50] machine it or replace the cylinder head

[23:52] if it's not if you're not able to

[23:54] machine it due to

[23:56] tolerances this needs to be a perfectly

[23:59] flat surface and we're not talking oh I

[24:02] passed my hand over it this is like

[24:04] Machining style perfectly

[24:07] flat having said that I'm going to put

[24:11] one cam I'm going to turn it it's going

[24:13] to be a little difficult so you can see

[24:15] how these valve actually work when the

[24:17] engine is running let's SW these valves

[24:21] not open and close dance because this is

[24:23] beautiful look at this

[24:32] isn't that something beautiful so this

[24:35] is actually cylinder number 1 2 3 4 I'm

[24:38] going to go through an entire cycle

[24:40] until we open four again see if you can

[24:43] pick up the firing order from

[24:53] this pretty cool right how these valves

[24:56] open you notice they're both opening

[24:58] together so if you do the math here real

[25:00] quick these are 16 valves this is a 16

[25:03] valve engine two valves for the exhaust

[25:06] two valves for the intake so four valves

[25:09] per cylinder and this opening right here

[25:12] is actually where your spark plug is

[25:14] that's what ignites the mixture so we

[25:17] can create that beautiful combustion if

[25:19] you had a direct injected engine you

[25:22] will have a second hole just like this

[25:24] one where the direct injector is

[25:27] somewhere either here or

[25:29] or sometimes it'll be right here and the

[25:32] and the spark plug will be in a

[25:33] different position but somewhere inside

[25:35] this cavity right here now having met

[25:38] the upper combustion chamber let's go

[25:42] see the real magic of gasoline engines

[25:45] which is the other part of the

[25:46] combustion chamber cylinder

[25:54] block welcome to the combustion chamber

[25:57] which is actually actually this one it's

[26:00] actually not the entire depth of this I

[26:03] hope you can see this very clearly it is

[26:06] just this

[26:08] area and the top of the cylinder head

[26:12] I'll remind you what that looks like let

[26:13] me spin this and watch how this

[26:26] works this is the Piston there's four

[26:30] sters 1 2 3

[26:34] 4 here is what's going on here and the

[26:38] best way I will be able to describe it

[26:41] this is the compressor part of the

[26:44] engine when this piston watch these two

[26:48] when they go

[26:49] up they are

[26:51] compressing when they go

[26:54] down they are

[26:56] pulling so here's how this is going to

[26:59] work for our four strokes let's start

[27:02] with the first stroke which is the

[27:04] intake we want to naturally pull that

[27:08] mixture of air and gasoline into the

[27:12] combustion chamber we're going to have

[27:14] this piston go down so what it's doing

[27:18] is creating a suction it's going to

[27:21] pull the mixture

[27:24] inside this

[27:27] area then then we're going to want to

[27:30] compress that mixture and ignite it with

[27:33] the spark plug so what it's going to do

[27:37] is it's going to come up and start

[27:40] compressing as it reach its peak at a

[27:44] specific position the spark plug will

[27:47] will ignite this mixture so the mixture

[27:50] will burn as it's burning it's going to

[27:54] create like a a gas and it's going to

[27:57] push

[27:58] this piston down and then because we

[28:01] have four cylinders let's talk about it

[28:04] this

[28:06] way this this piston has

[28:11] ignition we have combustion it's going

[28:13] to push this piston

[28:16] down then this one has ignition it's

[28:19] going to push it

[28:20] down then this one has ignition it's

[28:23] going to push it down then this one has

[28:26] ignition it's going to push it down and

[28:28] then this one is going to have ignition

[28:30] again it's going to push it down and

[28:31] that's how your engine will just keep

[28:33] turning and turning and turning and

[28:34] turning non-stop now this is the

[28:38] beautiful part of

[28:41] this this

[28:43] piston is in the intake stroke it's

[28:46] about to start pulling the components in

[28:50] this one just had combustion so it's

[28:53] going to get pushed

[28:55] down now these two Pistons one of them

[28:59] is in its ignition cycle one of them is

[29:02] about to start the intake and that's how

[29:05] these this firing order works it is

[29:09] beautiful how this works you see how

[29:12] this this is when you spin your engine

[29:14] at 3,000 RPM or you are 18 years old you

[29:18] just got your you are an adult and you

[29:21] are racing your car down the street

[29:23] which you shouldn't do that on public

[29:25] streets and you're revving this engine

[29:26] at 6,000 RPM all the

[29:29] time every minute which is 60

[29:34] seconds this crankshaft will do a full

[29:38] rotation which the full rotation is this

[29:41] piston going up and going down back to

[29:44] the same position

[29:47] 6,000 times every 60

[29:50] seconds this looks like how do engines

[29:54] last this is the moment where we say

[29:57] thank you engineer Engineers were

[29:58] figuring this

[30:00] out look mechanics and Engineers usually

[30:02] don't get along but we have to be

[30:03] truthful they know what they're doing

[30:06] this is how these engines are designed

[30:08] to run and run and

[30:10] run here is the important things this

[30:14] which we're going to take it out in a

[30:15] little bit and you'll see it up close

[30:17] and

[30:18] personal is sealed there is three rings

[30:23] or piston

[30:25] rings that are sealing this

[30:28] chamber and for you to get a better

[30:31] understanding of really what's going on

[30:33] like how does this effect work let me do

[30:36] a small demonstration we are looking at

[30:38] two cylinders I hope you can see the

[30:40] outline of them we got them covered up

[30:43] with tape just so we you can see how

[30:45] they do this so you can picture

[30:48] it every time the Piston goes up it's

[30:51] going to create compression every time

[30:53] it goes down it's going to create

[30:54] suction so watch as I turn the engine

[30:57] what the tape is going to

[30:58] do see how this one came up this was

[31:01] compression now it's coming

[31:03] down this one is coming down now it's

[31:07] coming

[31:10] up funny sounds it makes this is

[31:14] actually the compression watch this one

[31:17] when I push it very

[31:21] hard that is the compression and this is

[31:23] the suction

[31:26] effect actually it becomes comes really

[31:28] difficult to turn this engine because of

[31:30] the

[31:33] obstruction eventually actually blew the

[31:36] BW the tape That's How Strong this

[31:38] compression is folks it needs to be

[31:40] extremely strong to do this now that we

[31:43] picture how this works let's talk about

[31:45] a few nuts and bolts things

[31:47] here this

[31:50] round is the cylinder itself so the head

[31:56] gasket sits here this is also a very

[32:00] precisely machined surface so it would

[32:02] seal on the gasket now in here there's

[32:06] actually a liner cuz this is an aluminum

[32:09] block if you create that combustion on

[32:11] an aluminum block you will

[32:14] immediately fire a hole through it and

[32:17] it'll wear down with the with the piston

[32:19] rings going up and down up down on it so

[32:22] this is actually a steel liner now this

[32:26] particular engine is out of a Toyota

[32:28] some engines this liner can be pulled

[32:30] out and replaced this one cannot because

[32:33] the way they cast this this aluminum

[32:36] they put the

[32:37] four steel liners and they cast the

[32:40] thing around it and they are

[32:41] mechanically bonded together so they

[32:44] wouldn't come out so you cannot really

[32:45] replace these but the wall of the

[32:48] cylinder has a

[32:51] specific Machining to it that is called

[32:54] a cross hatch pattern and keep that in

[32:57] mind cuz we're going to talk about this

[32:59] once we talk about the piston rings this

[33:01] area this cavity right here this is

[33:04] where coolant is to cool these down CU

[33:06] remember combustion creates a lot of

[33:08] heat so you have coolant all the time

[33:10] here cooling it and then you also have

[33:12] oil passages around it because in

[33:15] gasoline enges coolant cools oil cools

[33:19] as well most people forget that part

[33:22] haven't looked at all this and this

[33:23] beautiful thing turning

[33:28] how do this entire thing work and why do

[33:30] these come up and these come up together

[33:33] how does this work let us flip this

[33:35] block and look how this this entire

[33:38] thing works and then we will take one of

[33:40] these pistons and tear it completely

[33:42] apart so you can see exactly how this

[33:45] creates this this compression or

[33:47] pressure and the suction and how does

[33:49] this exactly work welcome to the back of

[33:52] the cylinder block this is where the

[33:54] magic happens let me spin it so you can

[33:56] actually see how this

[34:01] goes so what we were looking at from the

[34:04] from the other side you see that piston

[34:07] right there see how it's going to come

[34:09] down and go

[34:11] up this part right

[34:15] here this is called the crank shaft this

[34:19] is actually what outputs the output of

[34:23] the engine not the camshafts cuz

[34:25] connected on the other side is the the

[34:29] whether it's manual transmission

[34:30] automatic transmission plane propeller

[34:33] you name it it's connected on this side

[34:36] this side is where your serpentine belt

[34:40] or drive belt will be this is a harmonic

[34:42] balance this is where the other side of

[34:45] it is but this is what actually drives

[34:46] your car this way it's the crankshaft

[34:49] that drives the car cuz every time

[34:52] remember that power stroke we talked

[34:54] about where the Piston gets pushed up

[34:56] it's going to push on this and turn it

[34:59] and that's what's going to create that

[35:00] output that's where the power of the

[35:02] engine is transmitted out now you look

[35:05] at this this just looks like a random

[35:08] piece of metal looks like a museum piece

[35:12] but let's take a look at at the finer

[35:17] details of

[35:19] this this is a crank shaft and it's

[35:23] connected then it goes here then it

[35:25] comes back then it goes here comes back

[35:28] and comes back

[35:30] here but

[35:32] this is actually a separate

[35:35] part and these are called the main caps

[35:40] this is what bolts the crank to the

[35:43] block and

[35:45] these are called Rod caps this is what

[35:48] actually bolts the Piston to the crank

[35:52] not directly we're going to take one

[35:54] apart and talk about it let me remove

[35:56] one of these and we'll kind of examine

[35:58] it and then we'll continue from there

[36:01] this is actually how this piston looks

[36:04] like this is called a connecting rod

[36:08] this connects the Piston to the

[36:11] crankshaft via this round opening which

[36:15] goes on this this is called a crankshaft

[36:20] Journal this is where this would ride on

[36:23] kind of looks like this when it's

[36:26] connected so do you notice that this one

[36:28] has also a hole remember when we talked

[36:30] about the cam this is the oil feed hole

[36:34] and if we look at this we take this half

[36:47] out it has actual rod

[36:52] bearings these are little bearings and

[36:55] you notice they also have that hole so

[36:58] here's what's going to happen here if we

[37:00] have this metal on metal surface just

[37:04] going at 6,000 RPM as you're racing your

[37:07] car well this is just going to wear out

[37:09] and it's going to wear this out and then

[37:12] everything will just

[37:13] explode actually that's not how this

[37:16] goes you have a thin film of oil that

[37:19] comes out of here and coats the inside

[37:22] of this and the other side so they're

[37:25] actually not making contact

[37:28] they're not supposed to make contact

[37:30] there's supposed to be a film of oil

[37:32] here that cools these and protects them

[37:35] from wear these rod bearings and you'll

[37:38] you'll hear the term rod

[37:40] [Music]

[37:42] knock the rod knock is the knocking

[37:45] sound that the rods will make as they go

[37:48] on the on the journal here when they are

[37:51] when these completely wear out let's do

[37:53] a small demonstration of that how that

[37:55] sounds like now when I turn turn this

[37:58] you hear no noise and this is solid it's

[38:01] not going anywhere I'm going to remove

[38:03] one of these

[38:06] [Applause]

[38:08] caps note do not do this on an actual

[38:11] engine this engine is junk we are using

[38:14] it for demonstration I'm going to remove

[38:17] these cuz this is basically what happens

[38:19] you see how thin this is if this wear is

[38:21] down you basically have this is gone so

[38:25] what I'm going to do here is I'm going

[38:27] to remove

[38:34] them and then reinstall

[38:46] this never use power tool engine

[38:48] remember this is a non-running

[38:51] [Applause]

[38:52] engine now watch this one this one is

[38:55] solid it's not moving

[39:00] hear that noise and watch when I turn

[39:02] the

[39:05] engine you hear that

[39:12] noise that noise is a rod knock

[39:16] basically your car will be idling you'll

[39:18] hear

[39:21] this now eventually what's going to

[39:23] happen is

[39:28] the bearing will be completely gone this

[39:31] will start eating into this and

[39:36] eventually either this will break and

[39:39] this thing will come flying out and come

[39:41] out of the side or this from the

[39:43] hammering effect this will break in half

[39:47] rip and go out side of the engine now

[39:50] when you hear the term rod

[39:53] knock you know exactly what that means

[39:57] that means this ugly

[40:02] sound now here's a cool thing

[40:04] here you notice we talked about these

[40:07] but we did not talk

[40:09] about these caps these are called the

[40:12] main caps this is what holds the crank

[40:15] to the block and they also have bearings

[40:20] because we also have an oil hole right

[40:23] here that brings oil so we would not

[40:25] have metal to metal contact now

[40:28] something about gasoline

[40:32] engines usually when you have oil

[40:35] starvation when you run the engine low

[40:37] in oil you have a o problem with the

[40:39] pressure it's always the rod bearings

[40:42] that will get destroyed before these I

[40:45] mean if you destroy a main bearing we

[40:48] are doing some serious stuff here

[40:51] because the way the oil Flows In engines

[40:53] it'll flow to the main caps first then

[40:56] through the crank go here so it'll flow

[41:00] from the Block into the into this then

[41:03] into this so if you destroy this this is

[41:06] long gone that's how it usually goes now

[41:10] we talked about all this and you see

[41:11] this journal this is on the crank itself

[41:14] I'm going to pull this crank out so you

[41:16] can actually see it in person and see

[41:18] how it looks like we got our crank ready

[41:21] to come out one thing I'll say about the

[41:23] crank this seal you see this seal I pop

[41:26] it out

[41:29] this is your rear main seal that when it

[41:31] leaks you have to pull the transmission

[41:33] out to pull the engine out because it

[41:35] literally sits between the engine and

[41:37] this is where the transmission would be

[41:39] on that side so this is how that looks

[41:41] like and with that

[41:44] out pull this out and are you ready to

[41:47] say hello to the crankshaft very heavy

[41:53] part that noise we'll talk about in a

[41:56] second

[41:57] this is how this crankshaft looks like

[42:00] isn't this a

[42:02] beautiful piece engineering that other

[42:06] piece that fell off we'll also talk

[42:07] about isn't this a beautiful piece of

[42:10] engineering just look at this I would

[42:13] put this in my dining room as a as like

[42:16] a

[42:17] decoration I'm a car guy maybe maybe my

[42:20] wife will not think so as well but this

[42:23] is a

[42:24] crankshaft you notice how it's stepped

[42:28] in a specific way these are the

[42:31] mains that hold it to the block which by

[42:35] the way here's that other bearing on the

[42:36] other side you notice these are much

[42:38] heavier Duty bearings that they have a

[42:40] much larger oil Passage through

[42:43] them and then the rods much

[42:48] smaller there's four of them this is how

[42:51] a crankshaft is and this other side of

[42:54] the

[42:55] crankshaft is where your if you have a

[42:58] manual transmission where your flywheel

[43:00] will connect if you have an automatic

[43:02] transmission this is where your flex

[43:03] plate will connect that the torque

[43:05] converter will connect to and that's

[43:07] where the output of the engine

[43:12] is now when we took this crank

[43:15] out we had these two very innocent

[43:19] looking washers come out see how much

[43:22] wear they have on

[43:23] them these are called thrust washers

[43:27] now as you load this crank every time

[43:31] you see how it has a little bit of

[43:35] movement and it's specifically designed

[43:37] for that every time you put like you

[43:41] push the P piston down and you have like

[43:43] lateral movement these are actually

[43:46] going to limit that or hold the crank in

[43:50] in place they are wearable they do wear

[43:54] with time

[43:55] but you will rarely see these go out

[43:59] some

[44:00] engines and this is another thing we'll

[44:02] talk about some engines these actually

[44:06] sit right here we've seen cases where

[44:09] one of these or both fall out and

[44:12] they'll end up in the oil

[44:14] pan and here's what ends up happening

[44:17] you'll have a very strange knocking

[44:19] sounds that sounds like

[44:25] this and people will think it's broad

[44:27] knock they'll take the engine apart

[44:29] they'll freak out about it they'll think

[44:31] it's a tensioner they think it's a heat

[44:33] shield it's actually one of these fell

[44:35] out or wore

[44:37] off this could tear up the engine very

[44:42] quickly now that we've talked about this

[44:45] I'm going to remove

[44:50] this I want you to observe something let

[44:53] me turn this a little bit do you see

[44:56] these four four jets that are

[45:00] facing the piston this is where the

[45:02] Piston would be right

[45:05] here these four jets are vital to engine

[45:10] operation folks did you know that

[45:13] coolant is not the only thing that cools

[45:17] down engines it's actually oil you

[45:20] remember the old engines they were air

[45:23] cooled but it's actually the oil that

[45:24] cooled it and the air helped cool the

[45:27] oil so these jets are spraying oil

[45:32] directly at the back of the of the

[45:34] Piston to cool it down because the

[45:35] combustion is happening right on top of

[45:37] it they are

[45:39] vital to the life of the engine some

[45:42] engines will have two Jets not just one

[45:45] and they're precisely positioned where

[45:47] they spray a specific amount to cool

[45:50] that

[45:50] piston just so it would not

[45:53] overheat speaking of the Piston let's go

[45:56] look at at that closely and see how that

[45:59] is a huge important part of this of this

[46:02] beautiful piece of machine here's a

[46:05] piston let's talk about this cuz this to

[46:08] me is the magic part

[46:12] so this is the Piston itself and it does

[46:16] have multiple components to it now this

[46:19] is an assembled one let me bring one

[46:20] that we took apart so you can

[46:23] see this is how this actually looks like

[46:27] so you have a wrist pin which looks like

[46:30] this that's completely worn

[46:33] down this goes through

[46:36] here goes through

[46:39] here and then comes out the other side

[46:42] and then there's two little rings that

[46:44] lock it in

[46:45] place normally they will do

[46:49] this they have a little bit of movement

[46:53] that is normal people have taken engines

[46:55] apart they have no of doing so and they

[46:58] look at this they're like well this is

[46:59] making a lot of noise that is

[47:02] normal what this allows the Piston to do

[47:06] as it's going up and then the crankshaft

[47:08] turns direction to come down it allows

[47:11] it to

[47:12] swing back and

[47:16] forth this is just a beautiful thing

[47:21] this is a rod and the bearing is here

[47:24] piston on this end now here's what

[47:28] can cause issues with these

[47:30] rods usually the rods believe it or not

[47:34] are sacrificial in an engine same thing

[47:37] with a bearing on it CU you want to

[47:39] protect the crank if for example you

[47:44] drive your car through a giant puddle of

[47:46] water and the engine takes in

[47:49] water that water is going to come here

[47:51] now you can compress air you cannot

[47:55] compress liquid and if you get large

[47:57] amount of liquid here this will try to

[48:00] compress it and it'll just dead stop so

[48:03] what's going to happen is this let's

[48:06] think it's going to do what this does

[48:10] it's going to literally Bend and when

[48:14] this

[48:15] bends it's no longer going to make it

[48:17] all the way up and you'll have all kinds

[48:19] of problems or if this seizes all of a

[48:23] sudden and this try and push on it this

[48:25] will literally break in half

[48:28] that's what this does so when an engine

[48:31] threw a rod that's a term you will hear

[48:35] this broke and just went sideways broke

[48:38] the cylinder and just came out of the

[48:39] side of the engine that's what an engine

[48:41] that threw a rod through

[48:44] this but let's get the distraction out

[48:47] of the way and let's focus on the most

[48:50] delicate part of an

[48:55] engine the piston

[48:57] Rings which did you notice that this one

[48:59] just broke that's actually one of the

[49:02] problems of this particular

[49:05] engine these piston rings there's three

[49:08] of them one two three the top

[49:12] two and take them

[49:16] out these are the compression Rings this

[49:19] is what SEALs

[49:21] this this piston as it goes up and down

[49:24] in the in the cylinder to create create

[49:27] that

[49:28] compression second one is also a second

[49:31] one that does the same

[49:35] thing the third one is called an oil

[49:38] control ring I think this one will not

[49:42] come in one piece I we just rip it out

[49:45] and that's okay cuz it's

[49:48] broken this all this third ring which

[49:51] now is in two

[49:53] pieces does do you remember that jet

[49:56] that was sprad here all the time well

[49:59] that oil eventually going to Splash and

[50:01] want to stay on the cylinder walls

[50:04] this scrapes it down as we

[50:08] go so we would not have oil inside the

[50:13] combustion chamber which now is going to

[50:15] basically your car is going to start

[50:16] burning

[50:18] oil see we've talked about oil

[50:20] consumption in a video detailing why

[50:23] they do that why engines burn oil it's

[50:26] not these two these two if you have no

[50:28] compression in the cylinder because of

[50:30] the Rings these two will be to blame but

[50:33] if you burn oil it's actually the third

[50:35] one that does this so This has a spring

[50:39] see if I can get it out so you can see

[50:42] it this

[50:43] spring sits these are actually two now

[50:47] these are no longer two but these are

[50:50] actually two rings and this one sits in

[50:52] between them and it pushes so if

[50:58] you look here it's extremely difficult

[51:01] to see it because this is why this this

[51:03] engine is used as a demo there are holes

[51:08] here every time the Piston is going down

[51:12] it's actually going to create pressure

[51:14] downwards and when you have that oil

[51:17] pushed in here it's actually going to

[51:19] push this ring out and scrape the oil

[51:24] down from the cylinder wall so we

[51:25] wouldn't leave it there and then burn it

[51:27] when this gets seized

[51:30] from many

[51:32] reasons is one of them this will no

[51:36] longer be able to scrape the oil down

[51:39] and then another thing Could Happen

[51:41] these little passages here will get

[51:44] clogged and then they will no longer

[51:47] push this out and then nothing

[51:51] happens now let's talk about other

[51:54] things with pistons

[51:57] we're not get too much into it but you

[51:59] remember that mixture that we talked

[52:01] about of a perfect amount of fuel and a

[52:05] perfect amount of air which has oxygen

[52:08] in it the per perfect mixture let's call

[52:11] it in the

[52:13] middle you can go either way when you go

[52:17] more fuel less

[52:19] air you go to a mixture that's called

[52:22] Rich what the rich mixture is going to

[52:25] do is you're going to dump so much fuel

[52:27] here that it's too much for the spark

[52:30] block to ignite all of it so some of it

[52:33] will actually trickle down and come out

[52:35] of the exhaust that is called a rich

[52:37] mixture Rich mixtures lower the

[52:40] temperature of the of the Piston so have

[52:44] you ever have gasoline in your hand I

[52:46] don't encourage you to do so but if you

[52:48] ever had that experience it's actually

[52:50] has a cooling

[52:52] effect and that's what it does when you

[52:54] have a rich mixture you're going to cool

[52:56] things down but at the same time you're

[52:59] going to build up some carbon cuz all

[53:01] that unburned fuel is just going to

[53:04] linger and the next cycle is going to

[53:06] get burned but it's too much and it'll

[53:07] leave deposits and now we have all kinds

[53:09] of

[53:11] problems the

[53:13] second kind of edge of the

[53:16] spectrum too much air too little

[53:21] fuel that is a dangerous mix because

[53:25] when you have two little fuel too much

[53:27] oxygen you're actually going to cause a

[53:30] lean condition lean conditions in an

[53:33] engine are like a torch that's the best

[53:36] way I can explain it if you ever used an

[53:39] oxy aylin torch you know exactly what

[53:41] I'm talking about too much oxygen in a

[53:43] combustion will create a a very hot

[53:47] flame that will actually melt the Piston

[53:50] now we're not talking about you got a

[53:52] code small code for system lean and that

[53:55] that's we're talking extreme cases where

[53:58] the computer cannot control it it will

[54:01] literally melt this piston like some of

[54:04] these pictures you see here it will melt

[54:07] this piston because this piston is

[54:11] aluminum special kind of aluminum but

[54:14] it's still aluminum it's designed to run

[54:16] at Optimum operating conditions not the

[54:19] torch of Lan

[54:24] condition let's talk about a few few

[54:26] things with gasoline engines that you

[54:28] should know

[54:31] about the pattern is that is called

[54:34] cross hatch if it is

[54:37] lost

[54:39] the oil rings will no longer be able to

[54:43] clean that surface they're that's one

[54:46] thing about them and the best part is

[54:47] what wears down the crosshatch is the

[54:50] oil control ring when it seizes it's

[54:52] supposed to move as we go and when it

[54:55] doesn't it starts wearing in one area

[54:58] and you have loss of cros hatch and we

[55:01] no longer

[55:03] have the ability to scrape that oil down

[55:06] and the engine starts burning oil oil by

[55:09] the way of course oil is derived from

[55:11] the same place crude oil so you start to

[55:15] have elevated levels of hydrocarbons and

[55:19] eventually this caused all kinds of

[55:20] issues Believe It or Not engines that

[55:22] burn oil actually run slightly cooler

[55:24] than engines that don't and the way you

[55:26] know an engine Burns oil if you like

[55:29] take the spark plugs and send the camera

[55:31] in easiest way to know of course if you

[55:34] have cylinder whale damage well you know

[55:37] that that engine potentially Burns oil

[55:39] but there's one Telltale

[55:41] sign which

[55:44] is reading the Piston see this one has

[55:49] so much carbon that this is a different

[55:52] case but if you look at a piston you

[55:55] look like a four CER

[55:57] engine if you have a coolant issue

[56:00] getting in here see coolant is a mixture

[56:03] of

[56:05] water and ethylin glycol in most cases

[56:09] ethylin glycol is the part that causes

[56:11] the antifreeze part and water is just

[56:14] water it's to cool things

[56:16] down if you have water here or coolant

[56:20] in that case that water will steam up

[56:24] it'll become like a pressure washer

[56:26] it'll wash the face of this piston

[56:28] perfectly

[56:30] clean and if you look at all this the

[56:34] Pistons one of them looks very clean and

[56:36] the rest of them look dirty or not dirty

[56:39] just like this you know that you have

[56:41] cooling going into a cylinder and if you

[56:44] have I wish we had a better example this

[56:46] particular engine has a lot of issues if

[56:48] you have only the edges are clean but

[56:52] the rest of it is not that is actually

[56:56] the same effect but of oil oil will

[56:59] actually start steaming this and just

[57:02] washing the edge of it that is called

[57:04] ring wash that's when the ring is not

[57:06] able to scrape the oil down and it's

[57:08] evaporating here and kind of cleaning

[57:12] this Edge only if you see that this

[57:15] engine Burns oil 100% now how much that

[57:19] is the question but if you see that

[57:21] edges are clean but the rest of it is

[57:23] normal you're burning oil now let's talk

[57:26] about a few other little things with

[57:30] engines this is the most basic form of

[57:33] of how an engine works but let's talk

[57:35] about the things you will run into as an

[57:36] average o driving your car every day now

[57:39] that you know more about this engine

[57:41] occasionally you'll drive your car and

[57:43] you accelerate you hear

[57:46] this just strange rattling noise and

[57:49] then it'll go away sometimes accompanied

[57:51] by smoke that is called knock ignition

[57:55] knock

[57:56] or predestination could be either way

[57:59] let talk about the most basic form of

[58:02] that so we want now that we understand

[58:05] how this whole thing works we want that

[58:08] mixture to be ignited for our combustion

[58:11] to start at a specific

[58:14] point no later no before exactly at the

[58:18] right time as the Piston is coming up we

[58:20] want to ignite that mixture and then

[58:23] push that piston

[58:24] down then the the power is

[58:27] throat if you for example have a piece

[58:31] of carbon that got too hot and that was

[58:36] hot enough to ignite your mixture before

[58:39] time that's called preignition you're

[58:43] going to pre- ignite the mixture at the

[58:46] wrong time so what that's going to do is

[58:49] it's going to cause something like this

[58:56] is going to rock that piston as it's

[58:58] going up because it's ignited at the

[59:00] wrong

[59:01] time and this is where we're slightly

[59:04] going to go into the fuel compensation

[59:06] see engines have a compression

[59:09] ratio usually high performance engines

[59:12] will have a higher compression ratio so

[59:15] they can have more power that's how you

[59:17] make more power out of an engine give it

[59:18] more compression more air more fuel

[59:22] either or or combination of that's how

[59:25] you make an engine make more power

[59:28] so high compression engines things are

[59:32] elevated you have more compression you

[59:35] have more fuel going in you have kind of

[59:37] a more aggressive thing is happening

[59:40] so the temperatures are much higher in a

[59:44] high compression engine on top of the

[59:45] piston and in the combustion chamber

[59:47] than that of a lazy family car that is

[59:51] just meant to drive at normal speeds and

[59:53] we're good so when you have all that

[59:55] extra heat

[59:57] and you send that gasoline in here well

[59:59] if it's too hot that gasoline will just

[1:00:02] combust whenever it feels like it

[1:00:04] because it's simply too hot this is

[1:00:07] where you put premium

[1:00:08] fuel so premium fuel let's talk about it

[1:00:13] for really quickly here premium fuel

[1:00:16] it's a more stable fuel so it will not

[1:00:20] ignite only from a little bit of higher

[1:00:23] temperature you have to have an ignition

[1:00:24] Source it's more stable less volatile is

[1:00:28] the word for it so when you have these

[1:00:30] extreme temperatures because of this

[1:00:31] high compression and things are on high

[1:00:34] alert that fuel will be more stable be

[1:00:36] like no I will not ignite from this

[1:00:39] little high temperature I will wait for

[1:00:41] that spark plug but all of a sudden you

[1:00:43] put regular gas in a car that's designed

[1:00:45] to run on premium fuel and you will have

[1:00:48] detonation all day long and what's going

[1:00:50] to happen is this will keep rocking and

[1:00:53] rocking and rocking and rocking

[1:00:55] eventually you're going to wear your

[1:00:56] cylinder walls

[1:00:58] and we're going to have major problems

[1:01:00] but equally if you put premium fuel in a

[1:01:02] regular car while the temperatures are

[1:01:05] low so fuel will come in we ignite with

[1:01:09] the spark plug and the same thing will

[1:01:10] happen I just wanted you to understand

[1:01:13] why putting premium fuel in a regular

[1:01:15] car does absolutely nothing but cost you

[1:01:18] more so now you know that part

[1:01:21] now engines do have a protection for

[1:01:25] this modern engines something called a

[1:01:27] knock sensor it's a little microphone

[1:01:30] actually it's nothing fancy it's

[1:01:32] literally a microphone sits right here

[1:01:35] it's actually the place for it in this

[1:01:36] particular engine it's listening for a

[1:01:39] specific

[1:01:42] frequency that this piston will make

[1:01:45] when it starts rocking back and forth

[1:01:47] when it hears that it's going to send a

[1:01:49] signal to the computer the computer

[1:01:51] knows ooh we have things are happening

[1:01:54] at the wrong time is going to

[1:01:57] either back off the ignition timing

[1:01:59] which will calm things down which we now

[1:02:02] we're going to kind of ignite later cool

[1:02:06] things down try to lower the

[1:02:08] temperatures to control this rocking

[1:02:11] before it destroys thing and this

[1:02:12] happens for a little bit it's okay but

[1:02:15] if it happens all day long we have a

[1:02:17] problem and some cars you'll notice when

[1:02:18] they do that strange sound you'll hear

[1:02:21] for a little bit and it'll go away but

[1:02:22] you need to feel a car kind of

[1:02:23] underpowered but why does that know

[1:02:26] happen to begin

[1:02:28] with carbon on the Pistons and the

[1:02:30] valves and in the combustion chamber or

[1:02:34] poor quality fuel is usually what does

[1:02:37] that poor spark plugs spark plugs have a

[1:02:39] lot of carbon on them and you haven't

[1:02:41] changed them in a very long time there's

[1:02:42] many reasons but bottom line is you hear

[1:02:45] that

[1:02:46] sound this is not good you should look

[1:02:51] into it sometimes you it's inevitable

[1:02:54] and it will happen as engines age and

[1:02:56] everything but if it's continuous and it

[1:02:58] doesn't stop something is terribly wrong

[1:03:00] and you should look into it and lastly I

[1:03:02] want to clarify one thing there are two

[1:03:05] types of things that will rock your

[1:03:08] piston back and forth I just want to

[1:03:09] clarify this because the language can be

[1:03:13] confusing you have knocking and you have

[1:03:16] pre-ignition

[1:03:17] pre-ignition is when the Piston is still

[1:03:21] coming up and you have ignition before

[1:03:24] it's supposed to happen that's called

[1:03:25] pre-ignition

[1:03:29] knocking is

[1:03:32] when the spark plug ignites the mixture

[1:03:35] and all of a sudden you have a second

[1:03:37] ignition from the side either it's a

[1:03:39] piece of carbon that got loaded with

[1:03:41] fuel or whatever the case may be that is

[1:03:45] knocking now the knock sensor can pick

[1:03:47] both of them but it's really meant to

[1:03:49] detect the secondary ignition cuz we're

[1:03:52] not supposed to pre- ignite on a normal

[1:03:54] healthy engine but sometimes you will

[1:03:58] have that secondary explosion that kind

[1:04:00] of rocks everything as the Piston now is

[1:04:02] coming down you don't want more more

[1:04:05] combustion all of a sudden that

[1:04:06] combustion comes up and rocks the Piston

[1:04:08] as it's coming down we don't want that

[1:04:10] just wanted to clarify the two cuz

[1:04:13] they're often confused and they have

[1:04:16] multiple names with mechanics so these

[1:04:18] are the two terms for them and this is

[1:04:20] what they mean and this is how a

[1:04:23] gasoline engine works pretty fastc fting

[1:04:26] isn't it I've had the absolute privilege

[1:04:28] of being able to work on these engines

[1:04:30] for a very long time and experience them

[1:04:32] and after some time of working on them

[1:04:34] it becomes kind of like the norm you're

[1:04:37] just used to it but every once in a

[1:04:39] while we just stop as a new engine it

[1:04:40] comes out we looking into it we stop and

[1:04:44] just wow things have come a long way

[1:04:48] with gasoline engine folks and it's

[1:04:49] always fascinating to me as many

[1:04:52] thousands of engines that I've been into

[1:04:54] and working on it's still fascinating to

[1:04:57] me and I hope now you have a better

[1:04:59] understanding of how exactly these four

[1:05:01] strokes happen and how this beautiful

[1:05:03] piece of engineering Works folks I hope

[1:05:07] this video was helpful informative I

[1:05:08] hope you learned something new if you

[1:05:10] like it consider giving a thumbs up if

[1:05:11] you're not a subscriber consider

[1:05:12] subscribing to the channel check out

[1:05:14] some of my other videos until the next

[1:05:15] video folks may the Lord bless you and

[1:05:18] keep you and you have yourself wonderful

[1:05:19] day

[1:05:30] and in case you are wondering what will

[1:05:32] we do with this engine after we're done

[1:05:34] with this video which is basically a

[1:05:36] junker we're going to turn it into a

[1:05:38] bongo listen to

[1:05:45] this there you go

[1:05:50] [Music]